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The history of this country, Kyrgyz Republic, goes back to 201 B.C. the people came from tribes that were settled in today’s Mongolia, Siberia and Yenisei River. In 7th century, Turkic traders brought Islam to the region of Central Asia through business that was done through Silk Road. In 840 AD, they defeated Uyghur Khanate and reached their greatest expansion after that they started moving towards the Tian Shan range. Kyrgyz dominated that area for almost 200 years. Later, in twelfth century Kyrgyz were shortened in the size as a result of the expansion of Mongol empire. Because of this, Kyrgyz started to migrate towards the south side. Later in twelfth century, they were conquered by the Genghis Khan. By the 17th century Kyrgyz tribes were overrun by Mongols. In 1919 Kyrgyz were taken over by Soviet Union. Starting from 1920s, they started developing significantly in their culture, education and social life. Literacy was greatly improved, and a standard literary language was introduced by imposing Russian on public. Because of growing literacy rate, economic and social development was also becoming notable (Marat, 2011).
In 1989, protests erupted against the Soviet government for unfair policies directed at pushing ethnic Kyrgyz population out of major cities, so other Russian settlers can occupy the area. During 1990’s there were big riots; ethnic tension rose between Kyrgyz and Uzbeks. As a result, state of emergency and curfew were established, however this made the situation even worst. By December of 1990, Soviets voted to change the name. Following their independence in 1992, Kyrgyzstan joined the UN and the OSCE (Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe). OSCE is the world's largest security-oriented intergovernmental organization. Its mandate includes issues such as arms control, human rights, freedom of the press and fair elections. However in 1993, Kyrgyzstan adopted the name of Kyrgyz Republic, which is now known for country’s official name (Tchoroev, 2002).

History