Bibliography
References
Binns, C. (2010). Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Retrieved February 20th from http://proquest.safaribooksonline.com.mutex.gmu.edu/book/-/9781118017067/firstchapter
This book, accessible online through George Mason University Library, was a great book to look through for an overview of Nanoscience & Nanotechnology. It summarizes both topics, yet focuses more on Nanomedicine. It is a great source to quote from. In text citation (Binns, 2010).
California Biomedical Industry 2011 Report - State of California (2011) Retrieved from
http://www.chi.org/uploadedFiles/2011%20CA%20Biomed%20Industry%20Report_FINAL.pdf
This state government journal showed a viable statistic in the Nanomedical industry that I referenced. It also provided reasons for monetary input in the Biomedical industry, worth 114 billion in the State of California, in 2011. In text citation (CHI, 2011).
Cheap Nanostructured Solar Cells Made With Carbon Quantum Dots From Shrimp Shells - Queen Mary University of London & Nanowerk. (2015, February 19). Retrieved February 26, 2015, from http://www.nanowerk.com/nanotechnology-news/newsid=39115.php
Information from this article was useful to formulate knowledge on Quantum Dots, their application and uses. When researching Nanotechnologies history, the dots were continuously mentioned which lead me to seek additional sources. In text citation (Nanowerk, 2015).
Definition of Transhumanism - Oxford. (n.d.). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from
http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/transhumanism
This article gives a concise definition of Transhumanism that I referenced. It is by far the best definition that I came across in my research. I was surprised to find out that I could write an entire paper just on Transhumanism with the information that I found. In text citation (Oxford Dictionary).
Dip Pen Nanolithography- Web Stanford. (1999, January 1). Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://web.stanford.edu/group/mota/education/Physics%2087N%20Final%20Projects/Group%20Alpha%20v2/dpn.html
This article is used in a footnote to define the technology DPN. It gives further insight into how the DPN process works and the possible implications of the Nano-printable technique owned by trademark. In text citation (Web Stanford, "Dip Pen Nanolithography", 1999).
Drege, S. (2015, February 18). Artificial Intelligence and Nanotechnology 'Threaten Civilization' Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/feb/18/artificial-intelligence-nanotechnology-risks-human-civilisation
The article is written by the Guardian and talks about the risks of Nanotechnology and the implications it has on human civilization. Although this influenced some of my opinions towards this technology I tried to balance them objectively. I also quoted the report listed by the Guardian, which was an complete report expounding on the future threats, two of those being Nanotechnology and Artificial Intelligence. In text citation (Drege, 2015).
Jain, K (2008). The Handbook of Nanomedicine (pp.1-403). Totowa, N.J.: Humana Press. Available from Springer. Retrieved from http://link.springer.com.mutex.gmu.edu/book/10.1007%2F978-1-60327-319-0
This book available online from George Mason University Library, was the best source for information about Nanomedicine available. It really delved deep into the actual possible applications. I plan to actually read the entire book in my free time, even though it covers almost the entire field of Nanomedicine. It does need to be updated from 2008 to include current technologies; highlighting new trends and rates, including processing and specific Human Augmentation capabilities. Sadly, we have not yet reached full implementation of all the capabilities listed; when we will reach them is still unknown; which were mentioned in the paper. In text citation (Jain, 2008).
Kloeffler, D., & Shaw, A. (2013, October 19). Dick Cheney Feared Assassination Via Medical Device Hacking: 'I Was Aware of the Danger' Retrieved February 20, 2015, from http://abcnews.go.com/US/vice-president-dick-cheney-feared-pacemaker-hacking/story?id=20621434
This article goes on to support the idea of hacking into intelligence gathered from artificial organs or technologies that help regulate the systems of the body. This idea correlates to other Human Enhancement issues. The article illustrates a large public case. The article also displays the possible adverse security concerns with future technologies. These ideas were useful for the paper with a relevant case study. In text citation (Kloeffler, 2013).
Miah, A. (2011, January 1). Ethics Issues Raised by Human Enhancement - OpenMind. Retrieved February 20, 2015, from https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/article/ethics-issues-raised-by-human-enhancement/?fullscreen=true
This article goes on to explain in depth, ethical dilemmas of Human Enhancement along with its potential. It’s hard to describe all of the information given. I used very little information from it because there was too much information to condense for this section of the paper. If you are interested, I highly recommend reading it. (Miah, 2011)
Mody V. Nanomedicine. Chronicles Of Young Scientists [serial online]. January 2012;3(1):1-2. Available from: Academic Search Complete, Ipswich, MA. Retrieved from http://eds.b.ebscohost.com.mutex.gmu.edu/ehost/detail/detail?sid=c907f4e6-977f-493c-b05b-a370ca183cbf%40sessionmgr198&vid=0&hid=114&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZzY29wZT1zaXRl#db=a9h&AN=74234152
This was an online published article I used for my first IT 210 assignment. I skimmed through it for material earlier on. Although I gained a little information, it was very difficult to understand. (Mody, 2012)
Moore's Law |Computer Science Encyclopedia Britannica. (2013, September 22). Retrieved February 15, 2015, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/705881/Moores-law
I used this article to define Moores Law; even though I found other definitions I, wanted the most credible definition. As noted in my paper, the length of Moores Law vary from source to source. This source included different numbers than the NNI did, which is a Nanotechnology firm sponsored by the United States Government. In text citation (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2013)
Nanotechnology Timeline NNI R&D U.S. Gov. (n.d.). Retrieved February 16, 2015, from http://www.nano.gov/timeline
This website was instrumental to learn about Nanotechnology, its inception and development. Information used for the paper outlines the subjects listed or referenced on this website. Coincidentally, before writing this paper I had learned from another Information Technology class that Moore’s Law intertwined with Nanotechnology. This website is run by the National Nanotechnology Initiative; a United States sponsored R&D organization. In text citation (NNI R& D).
Pamlin, D., & Dr. Armstrong, S. (2015, February 1). 12 Risks That Threaten Human Civilization - Global Challenges Report. Retrieved February 24, 2015, from http://globalchallenges.org/publications/globalrisks/about-the-project/
This scholarly article is referenced in the Guardian Nanotech article (Drege, 2013). I read this article to add to some of my examples in my paper. This article helped me understand more complex ideas regarding this technology and the impact this technology can have on today’s world. In text citation (Pamlin, 2015).
Quantum Dots - Sigma Aldrich. (2012, January 1). Retrieved February 24, 2015, from http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/materials-science/nanomaterials/quantum-dots.html
I used information from this website to formulate knowledge on the application and the use of Quantum Dots. When researching Nanotechnology history I noticed that the Quantum Dots mentioned frequently would require me to look at additional research from other sources. This website is run by a company which creates Quantum Dots and other similar technologies. In text citation (Sigma-Aldrich, "Quantum Dots", 2012).
Rathbun, L., & Heally, N. (2005, January 1). What is Nanotechnology? - NNIN. Retrieved February 18, 2015, from http://www.nnin.org/news-events/spotlights/what-nanotechnology"
This website is a research site, dedicated to Nanotechnology. It does a great job of defining what Nanotechnology is. In my quest to learn about Nanotechnology, I used this website as a research tool and used it to summarize some facts. I would say this is my second biggest source of information for the paper, besides the NNI R&D. In text citation (Rathbun, 2005).
Shah, M. (2014, September 3). Hope for the Blind – First Bionic Eye Implants in the United States | Triple Helix Online. Retrieved February 22, 2015, from http://triplehelixblog.com/2014/09/hope-for-the-blind-first-bionic-eye-implants-in-the-united-states/
This article goes on to show the current uses of Human Enhancement Technology similar to Lasik Surgery. It illustrates technology that is beyond our current applications. It provides future applications of Human Enhancement. Currently, modern day Prosthetics are starting to reach usable conditions. In the foreseeable future, these technologies could surpass our own biological systems. These ideas were all highlighted in paper. In text citation (Shah, 2014).
Stewart, J. (2013, November 19). Human Enhancement - DUJS Journal Online. Retrieved February 27, 2015, from http://dujs.dartmouth.edu/fall-2013/human-enhancement#.VPD9gF3PzLc"
I chose this online journal as a scientific source that defines what the science of Human Enhancement. Because it gave a clear and concise definition of Human Enhancement, I referenced it and added my definition along with it. Readers benefit from its understandability and that it is a valid, authentic source on Human Enhancement. In text citation (Stewart, 2013).
U.S. Food and Drug Administration Questions & Answers on Food from Genetically Engineered Plants. (2014, July 22). Retrieved February 22, 2015, from http://www.fda.gov/food/foodscienceresearch/biotechnology/ucm346030.htm
I used this website because it clearly states the opinions of the FDA when it comes to Genetically Engineered Plants and their safety. Although there is backlash against these practices, the United States Federal Government has approved such uses. In text citation (FDA, 2014).
Graphics/Videos
"A girl on a computer" clip art on syllabus.html page is obtained from microsoft office 2010 clip art collection, retrieved 3/30/2015
"Keep Calm" clip art on research.html is obtained from Keep Calm images is from the following link, being used in Fairuse Clause.
"sarif" clip art on benefits.html is obtained from This image is originally owned by Square Enix, and it being used in Fairuse Clause. The original content comes from an ad for Deus Ex: Human Revolution Copyright Square Enix/Eidios Montreal.
"god" clip art on ethical.html is obtained from This image is from Sodahead, and is being used in Fairuse Clause.
"social" clip art of social.html is obtained from This image is originally owned by Square Enix, and it being used in Fairuse Clause. The original content comes from an ad for Deus Ex: Human Revolution Copyright Square Enix/Eidios Montreal.,
"heart" clip art on security.html is obtained from This image is owned by Secure World Expo and is being used in the Fairuse Clause.
"howard" clip art on background.html is obtained from This image is from NNIN, and is being used in the Fairuse clause.
"gawker" clip art on conclusion.html is obtained from This image is from Gawker Media and is being used in the Fairuse clause.
In relation to Fairuse pictures cited in my Graphics Section I refer to 17 USC Section 107 Quote; the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright.
In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include—the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
the nature of the copyrighted work; the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.
Source: 17 USC Section 107.
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