Climate Variations and Variability
ã 2004 The Johns Hopkins University
Climate Variations and Variability
Learn about climate cycles and variations over timescales ranging from annual to more than 100 million years.
Access the topics below:
Annual to Centennial Time Scales
Millennial Time Scales
Orbital and Tectonic Time Scales
Major Research Organizations
Climate Timeline - Tool to access descriptions of climate through time, NESDIS National Geophysical Data Center
Atmosphere-Ocean Origin
El Niņo/Southern Oscillation (3-5 year)
Tracking El Niņo - Popular NOVA site, Public Broadcasting System
El Niņo Theme Page - Access to distributed information, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA
El Niņo /La Niņa Watch - Images and news releases, Ocean Topography From Space, NOAA
El Niņo In America - El Niņo and North American climates, Center for Ocean-Atmosphere Prediction Studies, Florida State University
El Niņo's Extended Family - Other atmospheric oscillations, Earth Observatory, NASA
North Atlantic Oscillation (5-10year)
NAO - Explanation and significance,Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University
Pacific-North American Oscillation (3-10 year)
PNA - Pacific-American circulation teleconnection, Climate Prediction Center, NOAA
NAO And PNA - Definitions of the NAO and PNA, UK universities Global Atmospheric Modelling Programme
Pacific Decadal Oscillation (15-25, 50-70 year)
PDO - A newly defined interdecadal oscillation, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington
Arctic Oscillation (5-10year)
AO - Main annular mode of the Northern Hemisphere, Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University
Antarctic Oscillation (5-10year)
AAO - Main annular mode of the Southern Hemisphere, Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington
Solar Change - Discussion of solar variability and climate change, American Geophysical Union; and - Solar links to climate change, Geotimes, American Geological Institute
Diurnal Cycle - IMPROVE, Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments
154-Day Period - Solar flare recurrences, Space Physics, University of Oulu, FI
Annual (Seasonal) Cycle - Weather Center, Plymouth State College
1.3-1.4-Year Period - Solar wind oscillation, Space Physics, University of Oulu, FI
Schwabe Cycle - 11 year sunspot cycle, University of Colorado Atmospheric Research Center
Hale Cycle - 22-year solar magnetic cycle, Solar Dynamics Laboratory, NASA
Gleissberg Cycle - 80-90 year amplitude modulation of the sunspot cycle, University of Colorado Atmospheric Research Center
De Vries or Suess Cycle - Coming soon
Landscheidt (Halstatt) Cycle - Coming soon
Dansgaard-Oeschger Cycle (1500-year) - Coming soon
Antarctic Warming Events (4400-year) - Coming soon
Bond Cycle (5000-7000 year) - News and views on 6000-year glacial climate cycles, Nature, 1998
ORBITAL AND TECTONIC TIME SCALES
Astronomical Theory of Climate Change - Introduction to Milankovitch theory of climate change, NOAA Paleoclimatology Program
Earth's Orbital Parameters - Basic explanation of Earth's orbital parameters, Earth Observatory, NASA
Geometry of Earth's Orbital Parameters - Linda Hinnov Research Page
Milankovitch Theory and Climate - Long period orbital modulations, Columbia University
IPCC - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
CLIVAR - An international research program on climate variability and predictability
USCLIVAR - American division of CLIVAR
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