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Literature
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Lichens
and air pollution
Thousands of books, reviews, reports and papers
have been published worldwide on lichens as monitors of air quality. The British Lichen Society publishes
updates to this literature in "Literature on air pollution and
lichens" in The Lichenologist. In addition, The American Bryological and Lichenological
Society publishes "Recent
Literature on Lichens" in The Bryologist, and a complete
searchable database is maintained online by the University of Oslo. This
contains most literature on lichen biomonitoring
studies. Literature
cited in this study
References to papers cited in this study are
provided here. This includes many published studies of lichen biomonitoring, especially those done in the Washington,
D.C. region. Bargagli, R., Iosco, F.P., Barghigiani,
C. 1987. Assessment of mercury dispersal in an abandoned mining area by soil
and lichen analysis. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 36: 219-225. Bargagli, R., Barghigiani, C. 1991.
Lichen biomonitoring of mercury emission and
deposition in mining, geothermal and volcanic areas in Italy. Environmental
Monitoring and Assessment 16: 265-275. Bargagli, R., Barghigiani, C., Siegel,
B.Z., Siegel, S.M. 1989. Accumulation of mercury and other metals by the
lichen, Parmelia sulcata,
at an Italian minesite and a volcanic area. Water,
Air, and Soil Pollution 45: 315-327. Bennett, J.P. 2002. Algal layer ratios as
indicators of air pollutatnt effects in Parmelia sulcata. Bryologist
105: 104-110. Bennett, J.P., Wetmore, C.M. 1999. Geothermal
elements in lcihens of Yellowstone National Park,
USA. Environmental and Experimental Botany 42: 191-200. Blett, T., Geiser, L., Porter, L.
2003. Air pollution-related lichen monitoring in national parks, forests, and
refuges: guidelines for studies intended for regulatory and management
purposes. NPS D2292, National Park Service. Online at:
http://www2.nature.nps.gov/air/Pubs/pdf/Lichen_Studies.pdf. Bylinska, E.A., Marczonek, A., Seaward,
M.R.D. 1991. Mercury accumulation in various components of a forest ecosystem
influenced by factory emissions. In: Öztürk,
M.S., Erdem, Ü., Görk, G.
(eds.) Urban Ecology. Ege University Press, Bornova, Turkey. Chilton, R., Orvos, D.
2004. Bioaccumulation of mercury in lichen (Hypogymnia
physodes) near a coal-fired power plant.
Southeastern Biology 51: 151-152. Davies, F., Notcutt,
G. 1996. Biomonitoring of atmospheric mercury in
the vicinity of Kilauea, Hawaii. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 86: 275-281. Davis, D.D., McClenahen,
J.R., Hutnik, R.J. 2002. Selection of a biomonitor to evaluate mercury levels in forests of
Pennsylvania. Norheastern Naturalist 9: 183-192. de Wit, A. 1976. Epiphytic lichens and air
pollution in the Netherlands. Bibliotheca Lichenologica
5: 1-115. Dongarra, G., Varrica, D. 1998. The
presence of heavy metals in air particulate at Vulcano
island (Italy). Science of the Total Environment 212: 1-9. Garty, J. 2000. Environment and elemental
content of lichens. In: Markert, B. and Friese, K. (eds.). Trace elements: their distribution and
effects in the environment. Elsevier Science B.V., p. 245-276. Garty, J. 2001. Biomonitoring
atmospheric heavy metals with lichens: theory and application. Critical
Reviews in Plant Sciences 20: 309-371. Geiser, L.H., S.E. Jovan, D.A. Glavich,
M.K. Porter. 2010. Lichen-based critical loads for atmospheric nitrogen
deposition in Western Oregon and Geiser, L., R. Reynolds. 2002. Using lichens as indicators of
air quality on federal lands. Workshop held Oct. 2-3, 2001. Arizona State
University, Tempe. AZ. Workshop Report. USFS Pacific Northwest Region,
General Technical Report R6-NR-AG-TP-01-02. Grasso, M.F., Clocchiatti,
R., Carrot, F., Deschamps, C., Vurro,
F. 1999. Lichens as bioindicators in volcanic
areas: Mt. Etna and Vulcano Island (Italy). Environmental
Geology 37: 207-217. Gries, C. 1996. Lichens as indicators of air pollution. Pp.
240-254 In Nash, T.H. III, ed. Lichen Biology. Cambridge Univ. Press, N.Y. Hale, M.E., Jr. 1970. Single-lobe growth-rate
patterns in the lichen Parmelia caperata.
Bryologist 73: 72-81. Hale, M.E., Jr. 1972. Natural history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XXI. Infestations of the
lichen Parmelia baltimorensis
Gyel. & For. by Hypogastrura
packardi Folsom (Collembola).
Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 85: 287-295. Hale, M.E., Jr., Lawrey, J.D. 1985. Annual rate
of lead accumulation in the lichen Pseudoparmelia baltimorensis. Bryologist 88: 5-7. Hawksworth, D.L. and Rose, F. 1970. Qualitative scale for
estimating sulphur dioxide air pollution in England
and Wales using spiphytic lichens. Nature 227:
145-148. Hyvärinen, M., Soppela, P., Halonen, P., Kauppi, M. 1993. A
review of fumigation experiments on lichens. Aquilo
Ser. Bot. 32: 21-31. Insarova, I.D.,G.E. Insarov, S.Brakenhielm, S. Hultengren,
P.O. Martinsson, and S.M. Semenov. 1992. Lichen
Sensitivity and Air Pollution - A Review of Literature Data. 150 Report 4007,
Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Uppsala. Kinsman, J.D. 1990. Lichens as biomonitors of sulfur, nitrogen, and metals at Whitetope Mountain in soutwest
Virginia. M.S. Thesis, George Mason University. Lawrey, J.D. 1985. Lichens as lead and sulfur
monitors in Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Contraact
CX-0001-1-0114/PX-0001-4-1128. U.S. National Park Service, Air Quality
Division. Lawrey, J.D. 1991. The species-area curve as an
index of disturbance in saxicolous lichen communities. Bryologist 94:
377-382. Lawrey, J.D. 1992. Natural and
randomly-assembled lichen communities compared using the species-area curve.
Bryologist 95: 137-141. Lawrey, J.D. 1993. Lichens as monitors of
pollutant elements at permanent sites in Maryland and Virginia. Bryologist
96: 339-341. Lawrey, J.D. 1993. Lichen biomonitoring
program in the Dolly Sods and Otter Creek Wildernesses of the Monongahela
National Forest: a resurvey of lichen floristics and elemental status. USDA
Forest Service Challenge Cost Share Agreement 21-007605. Lawrey, J.D., Hale, M.E., Jr. 1977. Natural
history of Plummers Island, Maryland. XXIII.
Studies on lichen growth rate at Plummers Island,
Maryland. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 90: 698-725. Lawrey, J.D., Hale, M.E., Jr. 1979. Lichen
growth responses to stress induced by automobile exhaust pollution. Science
204: 423-424. Lawrey, J.D., Hale, M.E., Jr. 1981.
Retrospective study of lichen lead accumulation in the northeastern United
States. Bryologist 84: 449-456. Lawrey, J.D., Hale, M.E., Jr. 1988. Lichen
evidence for changes in atmospheric pollution in Shenandoah National Park,
Virginia. Bryologist 91: 21-23. LeBlanc, F. and De Sloover,
J. 1970. Relation between industrialization and the distribution and growth
of epiphytic lichens and mosses in Montreal. Canadian Journal of Botany 48:
1485-1496. Leonard, E.C., Killip,
E.P. 1939. Natural history of Plummers Island,
Maryland. VIII. Lichens. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 52: 23-26. Loppi, S. 1996. Lichens as bioindicators
of geothermal air pollution in central Italy. Bryologist 99: 41-48. Loppi, S., Bonini, I. 2000. Lichens
and mosses as biomonitors of trace elements in
areas with thermal springs and fumarole activity (Mt. Amiata,
central Italy). Chemosphere 41: 1333-1336. Makholm, M.M., Bennett, J.P. 1998. Mercury accumulation in
transplanted Hypogymnia physodes
lichens downwind of Wisconsin chlor-alkali plant.
Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 102: 427-436. Marti, J. 1983. Sensitivity of lichen phycobionts to dissolvved air
pollutants. Canadian Journal of Botany 61: 1647-1653. Marti, J. 1985. Die Toxizitat
von Zink, Schwefel- und Stickstoffverbindungen
auf Flechten-Symbionten. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 21. J. Cramer, Vaduz. 129 p. McCune, B. 2000. Lichen communities as
indicators of forest health. Bryologist 103: 353-356. McCune, B., Dey, J.,
Peck, J., Heiman, K., Will-Wolf, S. 1997. Regional gradients in lichen
communities of the southeast United States. Bryologist 100: 145-158. McCune, B., Dey, J.P,
Peck, J.E., Cassell, D., Heiman, K., Will-Wolf, S.,
Neitlich, P.N. 1997. Repeatability of community
data: species richness versus gradient scores in large-scale lichen studies.
Bryologist 100: 40-46. McCune, B. and Geiser,
L. 1997. Macrolichens of the Pacific Northwest. OSU Press, Corvallis,
OR. McCune, B., Grenon,
J., Martin, E. 2006. Lichens in relation to management issues in the Sierra
Nevada National Parks. Cooperative agreement No. CA9088A0008, Sequoia and
Kings Canyon National Parks, Three Rivers, CA. 45 p. Nash, T.H. III, 1989. Metal tolerance in
lichens. In: Shaw, A.J. (ed.) Heavy metal tolerance in plants: evolutionary
aspects. CRC Press, Boca Raton. Pp 119-131. Nash, T.H. III., ed. 1996. Lichen Biology.
Cambridge Univ. Press, N.Y. Nash, T.H. III and Gries,
C. 2002. Lichens as bioindicators of sulfur
dioxide. Symbiosis 33: 1-22. Nash, T.H. III, Wirth, V. 1988. Lichens,
bryophytes and air quality. Biblio. Lichenol. 30: 1-297. Nimis, P.L., Scheidegger, C., Wolseley, P.A., eds. 2002. Monitoring with
lichens--monitoring lichens. NATO Science Series, IV. Earth and Environmental
Sciences--Vol. 7. Kluwer Academic Publishers. 408 pp. Peterson, J., Schmoldt,
D., Peterson, D., Eilers, J., Fisher, R., and
Bachman, R. 1992. Guidelines for Evaluating Air pollution Impacts on Class I
Wilderness Areas in the Pacific Northwest. USDA-Forest Service Pacific
Northwest Research Station General Technical Report PNW-GTR-299, Richardson, D.H.S. 1992. Pollution monitoring
with lichens. Naturalists' Handbooks 19. Richmond Publishing Co., Ltd.
Slough, England. 76 p. Robbins, C.A., Blake, S.F. 1931. Cladonia in the District of Columbia and vicinity. Rhodora 33: 145-159. Schutte, J.A. 1977. Chromium in two corticolous lichens from
Ohio and West Virginia. Bryologist 80: 279-283. Schwartzman, D.W., Kasim,
M., Stieff, L., Johnson, J.H, Jr. 1987.
Quantitative monitoring of airborne lead pollution by a foliose lichen.
Water, Air and Soil Pollution 32: 363. Schwartzman, D.W., Stieff,
L., Kasim, M., Kombe, E.,
Aung, S., Atekwana, E., Johnson, J., Jr.,
Schwartzman, K. 1991. An ion-exchange model of lead-210 and lead uptake in a
foliose lichen: application to quantitative monitoring of airborne lead
fallout. Science of the Total Environment 100: 319-336. Sigal, L.L. and Nash, T.H. III. 1983. Lichen communities on
conifers in southern California: an ecological survey relative to oxidant air
pollution. Ecology 64:1343-1354. Steinnes, E., Krog, H. 1977. Mercury,
arsenic and selenium fall-out from an industrial complex studied by means of
lichen transplants. Oikos 28: 160-164. Stolte, K., Mangis, D., Doty, R., Tonnessen, K., Huckaby, L., ed.
1993. Lichens as bioindicators of air quality.
General Technical Report RM-224. USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest
and Range Experiment Station, Fort Collins, CO.131 pages. van Dobben, H.F. and ter Braak, C.J.F. 1999. Ranking
of epiphytic lichen sensitivity to air pollution using survey data: a
comparison of indicator scales. Lichenologist 31: 27-39. Wetmore, C.1983. Lichens of the Air Quality
Class1 National Parks. National Park Services Contract CX 0001-2-0034.
USA:NPS. 158 pages. Wirth, V. 1991. Zeigerwerte
von Flechten. Scripta Geobotanica 18: 215-237. |
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