An Irish Airman Foresees His Death

by W. B. Yeats 
   
I know that I shall meet my fate  
Somewhere among the clouds above;  
Those that I fight I do not hate,  
Those that I guard I do not love;  
My country is Kiltartan Cross,  5
My countrymen Kiltartan’s poor,  
No likely end could bring them loss  
Or leave them happier than before.  
Nor law, nor duty bade me fight  
Nor public men, nor cheering crowds,  10
A lonely impulse of delight  
Drove to this tumult in the clouds;  
I balanced all, brought all to mind,  
The years to come seemed waste of breath,  
A waste of breath the years behind  15
In balance with this life, this death.  
 

 
An Irish Airman Foresees His Death — The Irish Airman in question was Major Robert Gregory (1881-1918). Gregory was the only child of Lady Augusta Gregory, who with Yeats and Edward Martyn founded the Irish Literary Theatre and the Abbey Theatre. Robert was a star cricket player (he still has one of the lowest bowling averages — low averages are better, like ERA in baseball — in Irish history) before the war who played for the national team. He and Yeats were friends. Gregory was killed in action on the Italian front, a victim of friendly fire when he was mistakenly shot down by an Italian pilot (the Italians and English were allies).
 
Those that I guard — Gregory flew for the Royal Flying Corps. As an Irishman, Gregory had no particular love for the English. The Irish and English had been negotiating to allow Ireland a degree of independence when the war broke out, and Ireland (most of it anyway) would finally regain its independence after the war. Yeats was devoted to the cause of Irish independence and became a senator in the Irish Free State, only to see the country fall into civil war.
 
Kiltartan Cross — A barony (a term left over from medieval times, a barony was an administrative unit of government generally smaller than a county) in County Galway, Kiltartan Cross was the location of the Gregorys’ home, Coole Park.
 
Nor — Neither