Exam 2                      Biology 326 Fall 2009                      NAME:_____________________________

Answer the following questions ONLY in the space provided or designated. Points per question are given in parentheses.

1.(4)When measuring metabolic rate by indirect methods why is oxygen consumption preferred to carbon dioxide production?

2. (3)List the parameters which must be met to measure BMR

3. (4) You have a ectotherm which has a metabolic rate of 5 ml oxygen/min. You raise the temperature 10 C. Give me a reasonable estimate for the oxygen consumption rate at this higher temperature.

4. (3) When a mammal is cooled what mechanisms might it use to generate additional heat to maintain is body temperature?

5. (8) What do we mean by the oxygen cascade? (Give a description) 

6. (10) ON THE BACK OF THIS PAGE Discuss how the fish respiratory system is adapted to aquatic oxygen exchange.

7. (7) Why is the oxygen dissociation curve of vertebrates sigmoidally shaped? Is this advantageous or disadvantageous and why?

8. (6) How is the Bohr (pH) effect significant in the gas exchange process?

9. (10) What is the relationship between hemoglobin and pH in the transport of carbon dioxide in the body?

10. (10) Compare the avian and mammalian respiratory systems?

11. (4) Why does fish ventilation respond primarily to the partial pressure of oxygen?

12. (4) Terrestrial quadrupeds when locomoting undergo gait transitions. What is the advantage of changing gaits?

13. (6) By what mechanisms is blood pH regulation accomplished?

14. (8) We examine the cost of locomotion in a large penguin and a similarly sized child. The cost of locomotion when swimming and walking is 3.5 and 6 ml O2/g/m , respectively. When examining the child the cost of swimming and walking is 10 and 5 mlO2/g/m respectively. From your knowledge of the cost of locomotion explain to me the differences between the cost of locomotion in these two species.

15. (3) Which species is likely to have less surface area for exchange in its lung and why: 50 g lizard or bird.

16.(10) ON THE BACK OF THIS PAGE. Graph the relationship between metabolic rate and temperature for a lizard and a mammal of the same size.