Exam number__________ Exam 1 Biology 303 Fall 2006 Birchard
Name:___________________________
WRITE the exam number in the upper right-hand corner of the Scantron sheet (as you hold it to read your name). Five points will be deducted if this is not done
Keep this copy of the exam. You will not receive your Scantron sheet back. The number on the top of the exam is your ID number for finding your posted score. Exam key and scores will be posted on my biology 303 webpage (http://mason.gmu.edu/~gbirchar/303/303webpage.htm.
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Multiple-Choice. Choose the one answer that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of: A. A body cavity. B. A complete digestive tract. C. True tissues. D. A circulatory system. E. Mesoderm.
2. Which of the following is not a characteristic of most members of the phylum Annelida? A. Hydrostatic skeleton. B. Segmentation. C. Metanephridia. D. Pseudocoelom. E.. Closed circulatory system.
3. A pseudocoelomate smaller than many protists with a “wheel” of cilia around its mouth would be a:
A. Lophophorate. B. Turbellaria. C. Ctenophor. D. Rotifer. E. Cubozoa.
4. Which of the following is not a major subphyla of the arthropods? A. Polychaeta. B. Myriapoda.
C. Cheliciformes . D. Hexapoda. E. Crustacea.
5. Which of the following processes is not important in morphogenesis? A. Changes in cell shape.
B. Changes in cell position. C. Adhesion between cells. D. Induction. E. All of the above are important.
6. Choanocytes, found in sponges, most resemble which of the following types of protist?
A. Diplomonads. B. Euglenozoans. C. Choanoflagellates. D. Apicomplexans. E. Radiolarians.
7. Which of the following is a unique feature of mollusks: A. Trochophore larvae. B. Spiral cleavage.
C. Gills. D. Hemocoel. E. Radula.
8. The clade of protists known as the Alveolata contains all of the following groups except: a. Entamoeba. B. Dinoflagellates. C. Apicomplexan. D. Ciliophora.
9. The Scyphozoa includes the: A. Jellies. B. Hydrozoa. C. Cubozoa. D. Sea fans. E. Anthozoa.
10. The proboscis worms or by another name the ribbon worms are the: A. Nemertea.
B. Platyhelminthes. C. Nematodes. D. Annelida. E. Turbellarians.
11. The fan worms belong to the: A. Nematoda. Be. Oligochaeta. C. Hirudinea. D. Platyhelminthes.
E. Polychaeta.
12. Which of the following was Not a likely step in the evolution of eukaryotes? A. Membrane enclosed nucleus. B. Cytoskeleton. C. Nine plus two flagella. D. Development of a cell wall. E. Diploid life cycle.
13. In the Plasmodium lifecycle where does the sexual portion (fertilization/zygote formation) occur? A. In human liver cells. B. In human red blood cells. C. Mosquito gut. D. Mosquito salivary gland. E. Human skin.
14. The true animals, the Eumetazoa are characterized by all of the following except: A. Stores carbohydrates as glycogen. B. Lack Hox genes. C. Multicellular. D. Has nervous and muscle tissue.
E. Has sexual reproduction.
15. What organs and tissues are derived from mesoderm? A. Skin. B. Muscle. C. Nervous tissue.
D. Glandular tissue. E. Gastrointestinal tract.
16. Place the following in the correct sequence: 1. Morula. 2. Blastula. 3. Gastrula. 4. Zygote.
A. 1, 2, 3, 4. B. 4, 2, 1, 3. C. 1, 3, 4, 2. D. 4, 3, 1, 2 . E. 4, 1, 2, 3.
17. In mollusks the shell is formed by the: A. Mantle. B. Radula. C. Coelom. D. Foot. E. The visceral mass.
18. The arrangement of organs and tissues and their characteristic places in three dimensional space defines: A. Pattern formation. B. Induction. C. Differentiation. D. Determination. E. Organogenesis.
19. Which of the following is common to both avian and a mammalian development? A. Holoblastic cleavage. B. Epiblast and hypoblast. C. Trophoblast. D. Yolk plug. E.. Gray crescent.
20. Which gas was probably the least abundant in the Earth’s early atmosphere? A. Oxygen. B. Carbon monoxide. C. Methane. D. Water. E. Ammonia.
21. Current debates about the number and boundaries of the kingdoms of life center mainly on which groups of organisms? A. Plants and animals. B. Plants and fungi. C. Prokaryotes and single celled eukaryotes. D. Fungi and animals. E. Amphibians and reptiles.
22. The group arthropods with one tagmata would be the: A. Ticks. B. Spiders. C. Hexapoda.
D. Crustacea. E. Myriapoda.
23. The Cnidaria lack which tissue type? A. Endoderm. B. Mesoderm. C. Ectoderm. D. The Cnidaria have all of the tissue types.
24. Which of the following are primarily ecto-parasites of fish? A. Monogenea. B. Cestoda.
C. Turbellaria. D. Trematoda. E. Nematoda.
25. Gastrulation results in: A. Cleavage. B. Organogenesis. C. Fertilization. D. Metamorphosis.
E. A triploblastic embryo.
26. Which of the following is descriptive of Deuterostomes? A. Spiral and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, shizocoelus development. B. Spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes mouth, shizocoelus development. C. Spiral and determinate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus, enterocoelous development. D. Radial and indeterminate cleavage, blastopore becomes anus, enterocoelous development. E. Radial and determinate cleavage blastopore becomes mouth, shizocoelus development.
27. A single opening to the digestive tract is found in which of the following groups of animals?
A. Platyhelminthes. B. Cnidarians. C. Nematoda. D. A and B. E. A and C.
28. The number of legs an insect has, or the number of joints in a digit (such as a finger) are all strongly influenced by what kind of genes? A. Haploid. B. Introns. C. Exons. D. Heterogeneous.
E. Hox.
29. Cephalization is primarily associated with: A. Adaptation to dark environments. B. Method of reproduction. C. Fate of the blastopore. D. Type of digestive system. E. Bilateral symmetry.
30. The blastopore denotes the presence of an endoderm-blind cavity in the developing embryo, a cavity that is known as the: A. Archenteron. B. Blastula. C. Coelom. D. Germ layer. E. Blastocoel.
31. As a group, how do poriferans, Cnidaria, and Platyhelminthes differ from other animal phyla?
A.. They are radially symmetrical. B.. They do not have a body cavity. C. They are triploblastic. D. They are diploblastic. E. They lack true tissues.
32. Which of the following subdivisions of the animal kingdom encompasses all of the others in the list?
A. Protostomia. B. Bilateria. C. Radiata. D. Eumetazoa. E. Deuterostomia.
33. Generally, members of which flatworm class are nonparasitic? A. Turbellaria. B. Trematoda.
C. Cestoda. D. Monogenea. E. A, C, and D.
34. Which molluscan class includes chitons? A. Polyplacophora. B. Bivalvia. C. Cephalopoda.
D. Gastropoda. E. Both C and D.
35. Which of the following is not characteristic of Nematodes? A. They play an important role in decomposition. B.. They have circular and longitudinal muscles. C. They have a pseudocoelom.
D. They have an alimentary canal. E.. Many species are parasitic.
36. Which of the following is not found in annelids? A. Hydrostatic skeleton. B. Segmentation.
C. A. Digestive system with separate mouth and anus. D. A closed circulatory system. E. A cuticle made of chitin.
37. What distinguishes complete metamorphosis from incomplete metamorphosis in insects?
A. Presence of wings in the adult, but not an earlier life stages. B. The presence of sex organs in the adult, but not at earlier life stages. C. Radically different appearance between adults and earlier life stages. D. Only A. B, and C.
38. Which of the following is a function of the acrosome contents during fertilization? A. Block polyspermy. B. Help propels the sperm toward the egg. C. Digest the exterior coats of the egg.
D. Nourish the mitochondria of the sperm. E. Trigger the completion of meiosis by the sperm cell.
39. Which of the following is least related to the others? A. Slow block to polyspermy. B. Cortical granules. C. Cortical reaction. D. Depolarization. E. Fertilization envelope.
40. Without the formation of an ectoderm, vertebrates would not form:. A. A nervous system. B. A liver. C. A. Pancreas. D. A heart. E. Kidneys.
41. Which organism is incorrectly paired with its description? A. Cercozoans-amoebas with threadlike pseudopodia. B. Euglenids-protists that store paramylon. C. Forams-ciliated algae with numerous micronuclei. D. Apicomplexans-parasites with intricate lifecycles. E. Diplomonads-protists with modified mitochondria.
42. Differences in the development of different cells in the early frog embryo (zygote to blastula) are due to: A. The differences between meroblastic and holoblastic cleavage. B. The heterogeneous distribution of cytoplasmic determinants. C. Inductive interactions occurring between the developing cells.
D. Concentration gradients of regulatory molecules such as. BMP-4. E. The position of the cells relative to the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA).
43. The evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes probably: A. Occurred many times. B. Involved endosymbionts is on multiple occasions. C. Allowed for formation of both complexity and multicellularity. C. B and C only. E. A, B, and C.
44. Which of the following produced the dense ooze of the deep-ocean floor? A. Foraminiferans.
B. Dinoflagellates. C. Radiolarians. D. Ciliates. E. Apicomplexans.
Describes the following statements as either True (A) or False (B):
45. All mollusks have shells.
46. Stem cells are totipotent.
47. Man is not a good intermediate host for a parasite because he is rarely eaten.
48.The cells used for eating and water movement in sponges are known as the choanocytes
49. Cytoplasmic determinants are laid down at egg formation
50. The process of torsion occurs in bivalve mollusks