Appendix
Table 1
Content and nature of
science focus for each module of the intervention
|
|
Content
focus |
Nature of
science focus |
|
Module 1 |
Permanent magnets |
Empirical evidence is used to support
ideas in science |
|
Module 2 |
Static electricity |
Laws and theories play a central role
in developing scientific knowledge, yet they have different functions |
|
Module 3 |
Current electricity |
Accurate record keeping, peer review
and replication of experiments help to validate scientific ideas |
|
Module 4 |
Electromagnetic interactions |
Science is a creative endeavor |
|
|
|||||
|
Table 2 Intercorrelations between measures of self-efficacy,
metacognition, content knowledge ,and nature of science knowledge |
|||||
|
|
|||||
|
Measure |
1 |
2 |
3 |
4 |
5 |
|
1. Test of Electricity
and Magnetism Knowledge (TEMK) |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
2. Metacognition
Orientation Scale-Science (MOLE-S) |
.07 |
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
3. Metacognition of the
Nature of Science Scale (MONOS) |
.41** |
.55** |
1.00 |
|
|
|
4. Views of the Nature of
Science Scale (VNOS) |
.52** |
.01 |
.28* |
1.00 |
|
|
5. Self-efficacy of
Learning Scale (SELF) |
.29* |
.46** |
.63** |
.27* |
1.00 |
|
|
|||||
|
* p < .05, ** p
< .01 |
|||||
Table 3
Comparison
of means for content knowledge, nature of science knowledge, metacognition, and
self-efficacy.
|
|
Group |
|||||||||||
|
|
Control |
Experimental |
||||||||||
|
|
Pre |
Post |
Mid |
Pre |
Post |
Mid |
||||||
|
Variables |
M |
SD |
M |
SD |
M |
SD |
M |
SD |
M |
SD |
M |
SD |
|
Test of Electricity and Magnetism
Knowledge (TEMK) |
.56 |
.36 |
1.54 |
.47 |
|
|
.60 |
.41 |
1.89 |
.40 |
|
|
|
Metacognitive Orientation Scale –
Science (MOLES-S) |
3.64 |
.58 |
3.93 |
.56 |
|
|
3.65 |
.41 |
3.83 |
.53 |
|
|
|
Metacognition of Nature of Science
Scale (MONOS) |
3.80 |
.58 |
3.83 |
.60 |
|
|
3.60 |
.51 |
3.83 |
.49 |
|
|
|
Views of the Nature of Science
Version B (VNOS-B) |
1.01 |
.48 |
1.14 |
.56 |
|
|
1.04 |
.32 |
1.45 |
.37 |
|
|
|
Self-Efficacy of Learning Scale
(SELF) |
7.00 |
1.37 |
7.13 |
1.37 |
7.42 |
1.36 |
7.20 |
1.20 |
7.11 |
1.53 |
7.68 |
1.84 |
Table 4
Paired Sample Tests
|
|
Group |
|||
|
|
Control |
Experimental |
||
|
|
t |
p |
t |
p |
|
Pre- and Post- TEMK |
11.96 |
>.01 |
16.64 |
>.01 |
|
Pre- and Post- MOLES-S |
3.41 |
>.01 |
2.81 |
>.01 |
|
Pre- and Post- MONOS |
.60 |
.56 |
2.98 |
>.01 |
|
Pre- and Post- VNOS-B |
1.66 |
.11 |
6.35 |
>.01 |
Table 5
Independent Sample Tests on Pre-Tests
|
|
t |
p |
|
Pre- TEMK |
.49 |
.63 |
|
Pre- MOLES-S |
.09 |
.93 |
|
Pre- MONOS |
1.58 |
.12 |
|
Pre- VNOS-B |
.16 |
.87 |
Table 6
Independent Sample Tests on Post-Tests
|
|
t |
p |
|
Post- TEMK |
2.66 |
.01 |
|
Post- MOLES-S |
.76 |
.45 |
|
Post- MONOS |
.01 |
.99 |
|
Post- VNOS-B |
2.91 |
>.01 |