The Relationships of
Bryophytes to Other Groups; p. 346; moderate;
ans: d
Which of the following
is NOT a characteristic shared by bryophytes and vascular plants?
a. Multicellular sporangia
b. Sporopollenin in spore walls
c. Tissues produced by an apical meristem
d. Retention of the embryo within an
antheridium
e. Antheridia and archegonia with sterile
jacket layers
The Relationships of
Bryophytes to Other Groups; p. 347; moderate; ans:
b
Which of the following
statements about bryophytes is FALSE?
a. They lack xylem and phloem.
b. The cell walls of their water-conducting
cells are lignified.
c. They exhibit alternating heteromorphic
generations.
d. The sporophyte is usually nutritionally
dependent on the gametophyte.
e. The gametophyte is usually larger than the
sporophyte.
Comparative Structure
and Reproduction of Bryophytes; p. 350; easy; ans:
e
In bryophytes,
fertilization takes places in the:
a. open water.
b. capsule.
c. seta.
d. antheridium.
e. archegonium.
Comparative Structure
and Reproduction of Bryophytes; p. 350; moderate; ans: d
The base of the
bryophyte archegonium, called the ______, contains ______.
a. placenta; a single egg
b. capsule; spermatogenous cells
c. calyptra; several eggs
d. venter; a single egg
e. seta; spermatogenous cells
Liverworts: Phylum
Hepatophyta; p. 353; moderate; ans:
d
In Marchantia,
the mature capsule contains:
a. spores only.
b. elaters only.
c. gemmae only.
d. spores and elaters only.
e. spores, elaters, and gemmae.
Mosses: Phylum
Bryophyta; p. 358; easy; ans:
c
Which of the following
is NOT a group of mosses of phylum Bryophyta?
a. Peat mosses
b. Granite mosses
c. Club mosses
d. Bryidae
e. Andreaeidae
Mosses; p. 360; easy; ans:
c
The “true mosses” belong
to the phylum ______,
a. Hepatophyta
b. Pteridophyta
c.
Bryophyta
d. Lycopodiophyta
e. Chlorophyta
Mosses: Phylum
Bryophyta; p. 360; easy; ans:
d
What is the function of
hydroids?
a. Anchoring the gametophyte
b. Photosynthesis
c. Aiding in spore dispersal
d. Conducting water
e. Conducting food
Evolution of Vascular
Plants; p. 369; difficult; ans:
d
In the evolution of
vascular plants, there is a trend toward:
a. above-ground parts becoming structurally
similar to the below-ground parts.
b. progressive reduction of the sporophyte.
c. sporophyte becoming nutritionally dependent
on the gametophyte.
d. increased protection of the gametophyte by
the sporophyte.
Organization of the
Vascular Plant Body; pp. 371–372; moderate; ans:
e
The siphonostele of
ferns:
a. is the most primitive type of stele.
b. consists of a solid core of vascular
tissues.
c. occurs only in the roots.
d. has a series of discrete strands around a
central pith.
e. has leaf gaps.
Reproductive Systems; p.
376; moderate;
ans: b
Which of the following
statements about reproduction in vascular plants is FALSE?
a. The eggs are nonmotile.
b. The gametophyte is structurally more
complex than the sporophyte.
c. All vascular plants are oogamous.
d. There is an alternation of heteromorphic
generations.
e. The sporophyte is the dominant phase of the
life cycle.
Reproductive Systems;
pp. 376−377; moderate; ans:
d
Which of the following
is NOT an evolutionary trend in the vascular plants?
a. Nutritional dependency of the gametophyte
on the sporophyte
b. Reduction in size of the gametophyte
c. Reduction in complexity of the gametophyte
d. Increased prominence of antheridia and
archegonia
d.
Decreased
reliance on water for transferring sperm to egg
Phylum Lycopodiophyta;
p. 382-383; moderate; ans:
b
In the club moss life
cycle:
a. the gametophytes are unisexual.
b. gametophytes are exosporic.
c. water is not required for fertilization.
d. microphylls but not strobili are formed.
e.
the
sporophyte does not usually become independent of the gametophyte
Phylum Lycopodiophyta;
pp. 384, 388; moderate; ans:
b
In contrast to the
Lycopodiceae, the Selaginellaceae
a. lack ligules.
b. are heterosporous.
c. have megaphylls.
d. are vascular plants.
e. produce bisexual gametophytes.
Phylum Pteridophyta; p.
393; easy; ans:
b
The indusium of
Filicales is a:
a. cluster of sporangia.
b. leaf outgrowth covering a sorus.
c. leaf outgrowth covering a prothallus.
d. megaphyll.
e. “fiddlehead.”
Phylum Pteridophyta; p.
393; easy; ans:
b
The prothallus of
Filicales is a(n):
a. cluster of sporangia.
b. heart-shaped gametophyte.
c. outgrowth of a leaf.
d. type of pinna.
e. portion of the rachis.
Phylum Psilotophyta; p.
398; moderate; ans:
d
Psilotum is unique among living
vascular plants in that it lacks:
a. spores.
b. sperm.
c. multicellular gametophytes.
d. roots and leaves.
e. mycorrhizal fungi.
Phylum Pteridophyta; p.
404-5; moderate; ans:
b
Which of the following
statements about the Equisetum life cycle is FALSE?
a. Sporangia are borne along the margins of
sporangiophores.
b. exhibits heterospory.
c. Gametophytes may be bisexual.
d. Sperm are multiflagellated.
e. Gametophytes are green and free-living.
Evolution of the Seed;
p. 410; moderate; ans:
d
In seed plants, the
______ is called the nucellus.
a. young sporophyte
b. megagametophyte
c. megaspore
d. megasporangium
e. embryo
Evolution of the Seed;
p. 410; moderate; ans:
b
Which of the following
was NOT a step in the evolution of the ovule?
a. Retention of the megaspores in the
megasporangium
b. Production of only four megaspore mother
cells per megasporangium
c. Formation of a highly reduced endosporic
megagametophyte
d. Production of only one functional megaspore
per megasporangium
f.
Development
of the embryo within the megagametophyte
Evolution of the Seed;
p. 410; easy;
ans: d
A micropyle is a(n):
a. nutritive structure of the embryo.
b. nutritive structure of the pollen grain.
c. opening in the megaspore wall.
d. opening in an integument.
e. opening in the megasporangium wall.
Evolution of the Seed;
p. 410; moderate;
ans: e
With the evolution of
the ovule, the unit of dispersal shifted from the megaspore to the:
a. sperm.
b. egg.
c. microspore.
d. megaspore mother cell.
e. seed.
Evolution of the Seed; p.
411; moderate; ans:
c
Seed plants evolved most
directly from:
a. lycophytes.
b. ferns.
c. progymnosperms.
d. angiosperms.
e. trimerophytes.
Living Gymnosperms; pp.
413–414; moderate; ans:
d
Which of the following
statements about gymnosperms is FALSE?
a. Gymnosperm means “naked seed.”
b. Ovules and seeds are exposed on the surface
of sporophylls.
c. The female gametophyte produces several
archegonia.
d. The male gametophyte produces several
antheridia.
e. The male gametophyte is endosporic.
Living Gymnosperms; p.
414; moderate; ans:
e
In which gymnosperms do
multiflagellated sperm swim to an archegonium?
a. None
b. Ginkgo only
c. Gnetophytes only
d. Cycads only
e. Ginkgo and cycads
Phylum Coniferophyta; p.
417; moderate; ans:
c
In the pine life cycle,
meiosis occurs in:
a. archegonia.
b. microspores.
c. microsporocytes.
d. pollen grains.
e. sporophylls.
Phylum Coniferophyta; p.
417; moderate; ans:
a
In pines, the immature
male gametophyte consists of:
a. two prothallial cells, one generative cell,
and one tube cell.
b. one prothallial cell, two generative cells,
and one tube cell.
c. one prothallial cell, one generative cell,
and two tube cells.
d. two prothallial cells, two generative
cells, and one tube cell.
e. one prothallial cell, one generative cell,
and one tube cell.
Phylum Coniferophyta; p.
421; easy;
ans: c
In pines, a megaspore
mother cell divides to give rise to four ______, of which ______
disintegrate(s).
a. megaspores; one
b. megaspores; two
c. megaspores; three
d. megasporocytes; two
e. megasporocytes; three
Phylum Coniferophyta; p.
421; moderate;
ans: b
In a conifer seed, the
three different generations are represented by the:
a. integument, nucellus, and egg.
b. seed coat, embryo, and food supply.
c. seed coat, archegonium, and food supply.
d. integument, ovule, and embryo.
e. integument, megasporangium, and archegonium
Other Living Gymnosperm
Phyla: Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, and Gnetophyta; p. 427; easy; ans: a
Palmlike gymnosperms
belong to the phylum:
a. Cycadophyta.
b. Coniferophyta.
c. Ginkgophyta.
d. Progymnospermophyta.
e. Gnetophyta.
Other Living Gymnosperm
Phyla: Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, and Gnetophyta; p. 428; easy; ans: c
Gymnosperms having fan-shaped
deciduous leaves belong to the phylum:
a. Cycadophyta.
b. Coniferophyta.
c. Ginkgophyta.
d. Progymnospermophyta.
e. Gnetophyta.
Other Living Gymnosperm
Phyla: Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, and Gnetophyta; p. 431; easy; ans: e
The gymnosperms most
closely resembling angiosperms belong to the phylum:
a. Cycadophyta.
b. Coniferophyta.
c. Ginkgophyta.
d. Progymnospermophyta.
e. Gnetophyta.
The Flower; p. 436;
easy; ans:
e
The fertile parts of a
flower are the:
a. sepals and petals.
b. sepals and stamens.
c. petals and stamens.
d. sepals and carpels.
e. carpels and stamens.
The Flower; p. 437;
moderate; ans:
c
The perianth consists of
all the ______ of a flower.
a. sepals
b. petals
c. sepals and petals
d. fertile parts
e. sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels
The Flower; p. 437;
moderate; ans:
d
Microsporangia are
located in the:
a. ovary.
b. corolla.
c. locule.
d. anther.
e. filament.
The Flower; p. 438;
moderate; ans:
c
The portion of a carpel
that encloses the ovules is the:
a. style.
b. stigma.
c. ovary.
d. placenta.
e. funiculus.
The Flower; p. 438;
moderate;
ans: e
A dioecious species has:
a. flowers with all floral whorls.
b. floral parts united with other members of
the same whorl.
c. floral parts united with members of other
whorls.
d. staminate and carpellate flowers on the
same plant.
e. staminate and carpellate flowers on
different plants.
The Flower; p. 438;
moderate; ans:
a
In parietal
placentation, the ovules are borne:
a. on the ovary wall.
b. on a central column of tissue in a
partitioned ovary.
c. on a central column of tissue in an
unpartitioned ovary.
d. at the base of a unilocular ovary.
e. at the top of a unilocular ovary.
The Angiosperm Life
Cycle; p. 442; moderate; ans:
d
In angiosperms, the
mature female gametophyte consists of _____ cells.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 5
d. 7
e. 9
The Angiosperm Life
Cycle; p. 442; easy; ans:
c
In angiosperms, the
ovary develops into a(n):
a. ovule.
b. seed.
c. fruit.
d. carpel.
e. perianth.
The Angiosperm Life
Cycle; p. 444; difficult; ans:
b
In the process of
megasporogenesis, the ______ divides______.
a. megasporocyte; mitotically
b. megasporocyte; meiotically
c. megaspores; meiotically
d. nucellus; mitotically
e nucellus; meiotically
The Angiosperm Life
Cycle; p. 444; difficult; ans:
b
In the process of
megasporogenesis, the ______ divides______.
a. megasporocyte; mitotically
b. megasporocyte; meiotically
c. megaspores; meiotically
d. nucellus; mitotically
e nucellus; meiotically
The Angiosperm Life
Cycle; pp. 447, 450; moderate; ans:
e
The process of double
fertilization occurs:
a. only in angiosperms.
b. in all angiosperms and gymnosperms.
c. only in angiosperms and Ephedra.
d. only in angiosperms and Gnetum.
e. only in angiosperms, Ephedra, and Gnetum.
Origin and
Diversification of the Angiosperms; p. 454; moderate; ans: a
Triaperturate pollen is
characteristic of:
a. eudicots.
b. dicots.
c. monocots.
d. magnoliids.
e.
gymnosperms.
Evolution of the Flower;
p. 458; moderate; ans:
c
Which of the following
is NOT an evolutionary trend among flowers?
a. From radial symmetry to bilateral symmetry
b. From four floral whorls to fewer whorls
c. From an inferior ovary to a superior ovary
d. From an indefinite number of parts to a
definite number of parts
e.
From
an undifferentiated perianth to one differentiated into a distinct calyx and
corolla
Evolution of the Flower;
p. 458; easy; ans:
b
Ray flowers and disk
flowers are characteristic of the:
a. Magnoliaceae.
b. Asteraceae.
c. Piperaceae.
d. Orchidaceae.
e. Aristolochiaceae.
Evolution of the Flower;
p. 461; moderate; ans:
e
Which of the following
was NOT an evolutionary adaptation of angiosperms in response to insects?
a. Closed carpels
b. Inferior ovary
c. Edible flower parts
d. Floral nectaries
e. Unisexual flowers
Evolution of the Flower;
p. 461; difficult; ans:
b
Flowers pollinated by
beetles would most likely have:
a. red petals.
b. strong odors.
c. long stalks.
d. no nectar.
e. well-exposed anthers.
Evolution of the Flower;
p. 463; moderate; ans:
d
Flowers pollinated by
______ are most likely to produce no nectar, have dull colors, are relatively
small, and have the sexes separated on the same plant.
a. bats
b. bees
c. butterflies
d. wind
e. beetles
Evolution of Fruits; p.
466; moderate; ans:
b
By definition an
accessory fruit develops from:
a. a single ovary only.
b. an ovary plus additional flower parts.
c. several carpels of one gynoecium.
d. the gynoecia of more than one flower.
e. a receptacle only.
Evolution of Fruits; p.
466; moderate;
ans: d
By definition, a
multiple fruit develops from:
a. a single ovary only.
b. an ovary plus additional flower parts.
c. several carpels of one gynoecium.
d. the gynoecia of more than one flower.
e. a receptacle only.
Evolution of Fruits; p.
466; moderate; ans:
a
A simple fruit in which
the inner layer of the fruit wall is fleshy is a(n):
a. berry.
b. drupe.
c. pome.
d. follicle.
e. achene.
Evolution of Fruits; p.
466; moderate;
ans: c
By definition, an
indehiscent fruit:
a. is fleshy.
b. has a single carpel.
c. does not break open at maturity.
d. has an inferior ovary.
e.
has
a stony endocarp
Evolution of Fruits; p.
466; easy;
ans: e
Peaches, cherries, and
olives are:
a. capsules.
b. legumes.
c. pomes.
d. berries.
e. drupes.
Formation of the Embryo;
p. 497; moderate;
ans: e
Located at the
micropylar pole of the embryo is the:
a. apical cell.
b. embryo proper.
c. proembryo.
d. protoderm.
e. basal cell.
Formation of the Embryo;
p. 498; moderate; ans:
c
In embryogenesis in
monocots, globular embryos next become:
a. two-lobed.
b. curved.
c. cylindrical.
d. heart-shaped.
e. spherical.
Formation of the Embryo;
p. 498; moderate; ans: e
Where does the shoot
apical meristem arise in eudicot?
a. At the tip of a sheathlike extension
b. At the tip of a cotyledon
c. On one side of the single cotyledon
d. On one side of the two cotyledons
e. Between the two cotyledons
The Mature Embryo and
Seed; p. 503; easy; ans:
a
The stemlike axis above
the cotyledon(s) is the:
a. epicotyl.
b. hypocotyl.
c. plumule.
d. funiculus.
e. radicle.
The Mature Embryo and
Seed; p. 503; moderate; ans:
a
In eudicots, in which
most of the endosperm is absorbed by the embryo, the cotyledons:
a. are large and fleshy.
b. are thin and membranous.
c. develop into the scutellum.
d. are absent.
e. absorb stored food during resumption of
embryonic growth.
The Mature Embryo and
Seed; p. 504; easy; ans:
a
The cotyledon of grasses
is called a(n):
a. scutellum.
b. hypocotyl.
c. epicotyl.
d. coleorhiza.
e. hilum.
The Mature Embryo and
Seed; p. 504; easy; ans:
b
The integuments develop
into the:
a. hilum.
b. seed coat.
c. funiculus.
d. coleoptile.
e. endosperm
The Mature Embryo and
Seed; p. 504; easy; ans:
c
In a grass embryo, the coleorhiza encloses the:
a. scutellum.
b. hypocotyl.
c. radicle.
d. epicotyl.
e. plumule.
Requirements for Seed
Germination; p. 505; difficult; ans:
d
Which of the following
events is NOT associated with seed germination?
a. Imbibition
b. Activation of existing enzymes
c. Synthesis of new enzymes
d. Synthesis of food reserves
e. Initiation of cell division and cell
enlargement
From Embryo to Adult
Plant; p. 506; easy; ans:
b
In monocots, the root
system commonly develops from:
a. branch roots.
b. adventitious roots.
c. the primary root.
d. the secondary root.
e. the taproot.
From Embryo to Adult
Plant; p. 506; easy; ans:
c
In epigeous germination,
which structure emerges above ground first?
a. Cotyledon
b. Epicotyl
c. Hypocotyl
d. Coleoptile
e. Radicle