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Things to do to ensure calm and not panic:
- remember that the first 4 speeches are not graded (except participation)
- remember that they are all only 60-90 seconds in length
- remember that you can take notes up with you
- remember our classroom is a safe and supportive place to practice and
improve
Guidelines & Ground Rules for
Short Speech # 4 (the ANALOGY):
Select your
Central Idea first, then select your Analogy
- choose the Central Idea of your speech
- use an analogy/metaphor to support your Central Idea or primary argument
Analogy
- the dictionary definition of an analogy is "a similarity
between like features of two things, on which a comparison may be based"
- in other words, an analogy begins with two different items/ideas/phenomena
that share some characteristic, and so they are compared to each other
- example: 'his brain is like a computer' (it can process and file large
quantities of data . . .)
- example: 'her smile was as bright as the sun' (which shone brightly
and lit up the room . . .)
- naturally, you will elaborate on your analogy/metaphor to reinforce
your Central Idea
Metaphor
- the dictionary definition of a metaphor is "a figure
of speech in which a term or phrase is applied to something to which it
is not literally applicable in order to suggest a resemblance"
- a metaphor suggests that the items/ideas/phenomena compared are the
same, and then substitutes one for the other
- example: 'you are the wind beneath my wings' (because . . .)
- example: 'all the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely
players' (these words of Shakespeare suggest to me . . .)
- naturally, you will elaborate on your analogy/metaphor to reinforce
your Central Idea
The Target & the Source
- if you want to think about this more formally, note that every
analogy or metaphor has a target and a source
- chances are, your speech will be about the target (a loved one's
smile) and you will compare it to some source (a term/idea to which most
people can already relate)
- I hope this is as clear as an unmuddied lake
- you already know hundreds of analogies and metaphors, so this should
be as easy as pie!
Remember, choose your topic and central idea first, then use an analogy/metaphor
to make your point.
Prepare your speech
- you should write a series of "bullet points" (not long
sentences) on a SINGLE 4"x6" index card
- if you don't have an index card, you can type your bullet points and
cut the paper down to 4" x 6"
- every speech should still have a 'Central Idea'
- you must hand in your SINGLE note card at the end of class
Practice your speech
- good speakers practice their speeches a minimum of 10 times (it's
only 60-90 seconds)
Deliver your speech
- for Short Speech 4 (the analogy), you again stand in front of the table
- speak from your 'bullet points' (don't read your speech)
- we always continue the behaviors from previous speeches:
a) making eye contact until all hands are lowered
b) pausing at the end to connect with the audience and accept the
applause
c) scanning the audience and making eye contact at least 3 times during
your speech
d) use (at least some) hand gestures intentionally as you speak,
for illustration or emphasis
- then we add in NEW BEHAVIORS; for Speech # 4 - change your (standing)
position during the speech - move a step or two to emphasize a transition
in the speech
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