Guidelines for Exemplary Phonics Instruction (Stahl, 1993)
Concept of how print functions (purpose)
Foundation of phonemic analysis
Clear and direct teaching (sounds in words)
Integrated into total reading program
Reading words, not rules
Inclusion of onsets and rimes
Independent word recognition strategies
Automatic word recognition skills
500 Words from 37 Rimes
(Adams, 1990)
ack ain ake ale all ame an ank ap ash
at ate aw ay eat ell est ice ick ide
ight ill in ine ing ink ip ir ock oke op
or ore uck ug ump unk
Teaching Phonics
Introduce Sound-Letter in isolation
Teach blending sounds to form words
Provide immediate feedback on oral reading errors
Provide extensive practice
(Grossen & Carnine, 1993)