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The Age of Em

Work, Love, and Life when Robots Rule the Earth

by Robin Hanson

Oxford University Press, March 2016


Robots may one day rule the world, but what is a robot-ruled Earth like? Many think that the first truly smart robots will be brain emulations or "ems." Robin Hanson draws on decades of expertise in economics, physics, and computer science to paint a detailed picture of this next great era in human (and machine) evolution - the age of em.
Author

Robin Hanson is associate professor of economics at George Mason University, and research associate at the Future of Humanity Institute of Oxford University. He has a doctorate in social science from California Institute of Technology, master's degrees in physics and philosophy from the University of Chicago, and nine years experience as a research programmer, at Lockheed and NASA. He has 2800 citations, 60 publications, 420 media mentions, and he blogs at OvercomingBias.com. More on Prof. Hanson here.


Summary

Robots may one day rule the world, but what is a robot-ruled Earth like?

Many think the first truly smart robots will be brain emulations or "ems." Scan a human brain, then run a model with the same connections on a fast computer, and you have a robot brain, but recognizably human.

Train an em to do some job and copy it a million times: an army of workers is at your disposal. When they can be made cheaply, within perhaps a century, ems will displace humans in most jobs. In this new economic era, the world economy may double in size every few weeks.

Some say we can't know the future, especially following such a disruptive new technology, but Professor Robin Hanson sets out to prove them wrong. Applying decades of expertise in physics, computer science, and economics, he uses standard theories to paint a detailed picture of a world dominated by ems.

While human lives don't change greatly in the em era, em lives are as different from ours as our lives are from those of our farmer and forager ancestors. Ems make us question common assumptions of moral progress, because they reject many of the values we hold dear.

Read about em mind speeds, body sizes, job training and career paths, energy use and cooling infrastructure, virtual reality, aging and retirement, death and immortality, security, wealth inequality, religion, teleportation, identity, cities, politics, law, war, status, friendship and love.

This book shows you just how strange your descendants may be, though ems are no stranger than we would appear to our ancestors. To most ems, it seems good to be an em.


Tentative Table of Contents
I. Basics
1.	Start: A. Contents, B. Preface, C. Introduction, D. Overview, E. Summary
2.	Eras: A. Precedents, B. Prior Eras, C. Our Era, D. Era Values, E. Dreamtime, F. Limits
3.	Framing: A. Motivation, B. Forecasting, C. Scenarios, D. Consensus, E. Scope, F. Biases
4.	Assumptions: A. Brains, B. Emulations, C. Complexity, D. Artificial Intelligence 
5.	Implementation: A. Mindreading, B. Hardware, C. Security, D. Parallelism
II. Physics
6.	Scales: A. Speeds, B. Bodies, C. Lilliput, D. Meetings, E. Entropy, F. Miserly Minds
7.	Infrastructure: A. Climate, B. Cooling, C. Air & Water, D. Buildings, E. Manufacturing
8.	Appearances: A. Virtual Reality, B. Comfort, C. Shared Spaces, D. Merging Real & Virtual, 
9.	Information: A. Views, B. Records, C. Fakery, D. Simulations
10.	Existence: A. Copying, B. Rights, C. Many Ems, D. Surveillance
11.	Farewells: A. Fragility, B. Retirement, C. Ghosts D. Ways To End, E. Defining Death, F. Suicide
III. Economics
12.	Labor: A. Supply & Demand, B. Malthusian Wages, C. First Ems, D. Selection, E. Enough Entrants
13.	Efficiency: A. Clan Concentration, B. Competition, C. Efficiency, D. Eliteness, E. Qualities 
14.	Work: A. Work Hours, B. Spurs, C. Spur Uses, D. Social Power
15.	Business: A. Institutions, B. New Institutions, C. Combinatorial Auctions, D. Prediction Markets
16.	Growth: A. Faster Growth, B. Growth Estimate, C. Growth Myths, D. Finance
17.	Lifecycle: A. Careers, B. Peak Age, C. Maturity, D. Preparation, E. Training, F. Childhood
IV. Organization
18.	Clumping: A. Cities, B. City Structure, C. City Auctions, D. Choosing E. Speed, F. Transport
19.	Groups: A. Clans, B. Managing Clans, C. Firms, D. Firm-Clan Relations, E. Teams, F. Mass vs. Niche Teams
20.	Conflict: A. Inequality, B. Em Inequality, C. Redistribution, D. War, E. Nepotism, F. Fake Experts
21.	Politics: A. Status, B. Governance, C. Clan Governance, D. Democracy, E. Coalitions, F. Curbing Coalitions
22.	Rules: A. Law, B. Efficient Law, C. Innovation, D. Software, E. Lone Developers
V. Sociology
23.	Mating: A. Sexuality, B. Open Source Lovers, C. Pair-Bonds, D. Gender, E. Gender Imbalance
24.	Signals: A. Showing Off, B. Personal Signals, C. Group Signals, D. Charity, E. Identity, F. Copy Identity, 
25.	Collaboration: A. Ritual, B. Religion, C. Swearing, D. Conversation, E. On Call Advice, F. Synchronization 
26.	Society: A. Culture, B. Divisions, C. Farmer-Like, D. Travel, E. Stories, F. Clan Stories
27.	Minds: A. Humans, B. Unhumans, C. Partial Minds, D. Psychology, E. Intelligence, F. Intelligence Explosion
VI. Implications
28.	Variations: A. Trends, B. Alternatives, C. Transition, D. Enabling Technologies, E. Aliens
29.	Choices: A. Evaluation, B. Quality of Life, C. Policy, D. Charity, E. Success 
30.	Finale: A. Critics, B. Conclusion, C. Thanks 
31.	References