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Reference Page

Association of American Geographers. (2008). What is geography? Retrieved September 27, 2008 from http://www.aag.org/Careers/What_is_geog.html The official website of Association of American Geographers contains practical information about geography, its history and aspects.
Bjerklie, D. (1989).The Electronic Transformation of Maps. Technology Review, 92(3), 54. Retrieved September 27, 2008 from ABI/INFORM Global database: http://mutex.gmu.edu:2068/pqdweb?index=0&did=827984&SrchMode=1&sid=2&Fmt=6&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1222820391&clientId=31810 In the article the author discusses how technology changed cartography. Maps are now being produced digitally and GIS plays an important role in this transition. Despite the fact, the article was written in 1989, it contains valid and useful information.

Dobson, J. (2007).The Panopticon's Changing Geography. Geographical Review, 97(3), 307-323. Retrieved September 27, 2008 from Social Science Module database. http://mutex.gmu.edu:2068/pqdweb?index=0&did=1387610201&SrchMode=2&sid=1&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1222812898&clientId=31810 In the article the author discusses three Panopticon’s: the surveillance machines, closed-circuit television (CCTV) and “location-based services" (LBS). GIS software is an essential part of the third Panopticon. The author also discusses the influence science and technologies have on each other.

Dobson, J. (1993). The Geographic Revolution: A Retrospective on the Age of Automated Geography. The Professional Geographer, 45(4), 431 – 439. Retrieved September 27, 2008 from InformaWorld database. http://mutex.gmu.edu:4944/smpp/content~content=a788987101~db=all~order=page The author talks about a new era in geography that started with the technological revolution. The author also highlights the role of GIS in revolution in geography.

Environmental Systems Research Institute. (2008). What is GIS? Retrieved September 30, 2008 from: http://www.esri.com/industries/k-12/education/what_is.html The website is an official website of the ESRI, the company that is the world leader of creating GIS software. The website has many useful materials not only for geographers, but also contains information about the software itself, how it can be used and which industries can benefit from using it.

O'Sullivan, D., & Unwin, D. (2003). Geographic information analysis. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, INC. The book discusses the fundaments of GIS, mostly focusing on the software itself.

Padilla, C. (2008). Historical GIS: Mapping the Past to Understand the Future. Online, 32(2), 32-35. Retrieved September 27, 2008 from ABI/INFORM Global database. "http://mutex.gmu.edu:2068/pqdweb?index=1&did=1442461981&SrchMode=2&sid=2&Fmt=3&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1222812959&clientId=31810 The author in the article emphasizes her attention on the aspect of GIS that helps historical geography. In the present time, when most of the maps are created digitally, older maps are being digitized as well, which helps historical geographers to see the changes over the time.

Art Reference

"A Girl with the Globe" clip art is obtained from Microsoft Office 2003 clip art collection (retrieved on 11/10/2008).

"A Globe" clip art is obtained from Microsoft Office 2003 clip art collection (retrieved on 11/10/2008).