TROJAN WAR UPDATE:
-
Judgement of Paris: Thetis, the sea-goddess destined to have a son
greater than his father, is married off to a mortal hero Peleus. Their
wedding is a great social event attended by all gods except the goddess
of discord, Eris, who had not been nvited. She throws on the table an apple
inscribed: to the fairest. Hera, queen of gods; Athena, goddess of wisdom
and Aphrodite, goddess of love, claim the apple; Paris, prince of Troy,
judges the divine beauty contest and gives the apple to Aphrodite in exchange
for the promise to let him marry the fairest woman of the world.
-
Elopement of Helen: Paris visits Sparta in Greece and elopes with
the queen Helen, who leaves behind her husband Menelaus, but takes the
royal treasures. Greek cities gather a joint army of 1,000 ships to sail
against Troy and bring Helen back. The chief commander of Greeks is Agamemnon,
the king of Mycenae and the brother of Menelaus. For the success of the
expedition, Agamemnon sacrifices his daughter Iphigenia at the altar of
Artemis.
-
(The Iliadbegins) The wrath of Achilles: After ten years
of the siege, Troy still holds on. Apollo, god of prophecy, poetry and
medicine, punishes Greeks with a plague. Achilles, the mightiest Greek
warrior (son of Peleus and Thetis, at whose wedding the whole affair had
begun), calls for the soldiers' assembly and asks the diviners of
the cause of the plague. The cause: Apollo wants Agamemnon to return a
captive girl Chriseis to her priestly father. Enraged, Agamemnon takes
away Achilles' captive woman Briseis. Achilles quarrels with Agamemnon
and retreats from battle.
-
Death of Patroclus: Greeks suffer losses. Achilles' best friend,
Patroclus, borrows his armor and goes to the battle to help the Greeks
out and prove himself as a warrior on his own rather than a mere shadow
of Achilles. He is slain by Hector, the mightiest defender of Troy.
-
Achilles returns to battle: Devastated by the friend's death,
Achilles rushes back to battle and slaughters Trojans, looking for Hector.
-
Hector's good-bye: One of the most moving scenes of the Iliad:Farewell
of Hector to his wife Andromache, whom he meets on the city
wall with their baby-son in her arms. When asked to be careful in battle,
Hector tells her that he would rather die before the city is seized, so
that he does not see Andromache and the baby dragged away as slaves: he
can no longer live with the knowledge that Troy is doomed.
-
Death of Hector: Achilles kills Hector in single combat and daily
drags his corpse around the burial place of Patroclus. Gods are angry for
the insolence towards the dead.
-
Visit of Priam to Achilles: A powerful scene of the Iliad: Old
Trojan king Priam, Hector's father, secretly comes to Achilles at the great
risk of being captured or killed, offering a rich ransom for his dead son's
body. Achilles shows respect to the ruined old man; they weep together
on human misfortunes, and Priam leaves with the corpse of his son. Truce
is granted for 9 days, and Hector has hero's funerals. (The Iliad
ends.)
-
The fall of Troy: Achilles is killed by Paris/Apollo's arrow; Troy
still stands. Odysseus devises the Trojan Horse: soldiers
hide inside; the Trojans naively pull the horse to the city; Troy is burned
overnight. Priam and his family all killed or captured; the Greeks throw
Hector's baby-son off the wall, not to allow his progeny to live. The rampant
pillage and slaughter angers the gods, and an ill-omened return is waiting
for the most of the Greeks. (Thus, king Agamemnon, on return home,
is killed by his wife Clytemnestra, avenging the death of their
daughter Iphigenia at the altar of Artemis at the ouset of the war.)