INVITED KEYNOTE
Dabbagh, N. (March 3-5, 2008). Pedagogical ecology of e-learning: Has it transformed our teaching practices? International Conference on Educational Technology ICOET 2008-Oman, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.
Dabbagh, N. (December, 2006). E-Learning: A transformative approach to integrating theory and technology. Invited keynote speaker at the E-Learning: Theories vs. Technologies conference sponsored by Ramkhamhaeng University, December 14-16, Bangkok, Thailand.
Dabbagh, N. (May 2, 2001). Web-based course authoring tools
and online learning: A technological and pedagogical perspective.
Invited keynote speaker at The World Internet and Electronic
Cities Conference, Kish Island, Iran.
INVITED INTERVIEWS
(September 2005). Pedagogy 201 for distance learning: Enhancing interactivity. STARLINK
teleconference for faculty and administrators of community
colleges and universities. STARLINK (www.starlinktraining.org) is a higher education distance learning network supported by the Dallas County Community College District, Dallas, Texas.
(June 2004). Distance learning. Interviewed by School Talk, Inc. Interview aired fall 2004 on RI ( Rhode Island) PBS and GMU Satellite Research Channel.
(January 2002). Making the shift from lecture-based to learner-centered. Interviewed by Online Classroom. Interview published in Online Classroom, Ideas For Effective Online Instruction, February 2002, pp. 4-5. Madison, WI: Magna Publications.
INVITED SPEAKER/PANELIST
Dabbagh, N. (September 2011). Grounded designs for Technology Supported Learning Environments (TSLE). Faculty Learning Community (FLC), Central Intelligence Agency University (CIAU), Herndon, Virginia
Dabbagh, N. (January 2010). Hybrid and online teaching essential planning tips and steps: Taking your traditional course to the online environment. Keynote speaker and faculty development workshop facilitator, University of the District of Columbia (UDC), Washington, DC.
Dabbagh, N. (January 2010). Hybrid and online teaching essential planning tips and steps: Taking your traditional course to the online environment. Keynote speaker and faculty development workshop facilitator, University of the District of Columbia (UDC), Washington, DC.
Dabbagh, N. (April 2009). Episode 7, communities of practice. Metro DC ASTD (American Society for Training and Development) Podcast (http://dcastdpodcast.org/2009/04/)
Dabbagh, N. (October 2008). Blended learning: Design, pedagogy, and technology. Harrisburg Area Community College. Faculty fall in-service.
Dabbagh, N. (September 2008). Web 2.0 and social software inspired learning designs. Booz Allen Hamilton, Herndon, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (October 2007). Supporting student self-regulation in distributed learning environments. Norwegian Research and Education Network Delegation Seminar, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. & Reo, R. (June 2007). Tracing the roots of social software: From local networks to global connections. Innovations in eLearning Symposium, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (August 2006). Keys to effective teaching and learning online. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), August 8, Reston, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (June 2006). Innovative and just-in-time training for coal mine supervisors. National Coal Show, June 13-15, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Dabbagh, N. (June 2006). A distributed learning support system for coal mine supervisor training. Innovations in eLearning Symposium. George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia .
Dabbagh, N. (2005). Grounded pedagogical models for e-Learning.
Innovations in eLearning Symposium. George Mason University,
June 7, 2005.
Dabbagh, N. (February 2005). Pedagogical Models for E-learning.
Mine and Safety Health Administration (MSHA), Roslyn, VA.
Dabbagh, N. (January 2005). Linking theory to practice: A theory-based
design framework. Creative Learning Solutions Group, Central
Intelligence Agency, Reston, VA.
Dabbagh, N. (March, 2003). The intersection and alignment of
learner-centered instructional strategies for online learning
and their implementation using course management systems. National
Learning Infrastructure Initiative (NLII), Focus Session on
Course Management Systems: Next Generation. Co-sponsored by
EDUCAUSE and the University of Arizona. Tuscon, AZ.
Dabbagh, N. (April, 2002). Instructional technology: What is
its place in the college classroom? Morgan State Universitys
Instructional Technology Faculty Workshop. Baltimore, Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (March, 2002). Evaluation and assessment in e-learning.
The 2002 HEWI/NASFAA Distance Education: The Future of Education
Conference. University of Maryland University College. Adelphi,
Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (November 29, 2000). Mapping instructional strategies
to web features. University of Maryland University College,
Virtual Brown Bag Lunch Series: Trends in Higher Education.
Adelphi, Maryland.
Bannan-Ritland, B. & Dabbagh, N. (December, 1999). Best
practices: On-line content management incorporating instructional
strategies. Blackboard Learning 99 Conference. Washington, D.C.
Dabbagh, N. (March, 1999). Pedagogical implications of redesigning
instruction for web-based delivery. George Washington Universitys
Educational Technology Program. Alexandria, Virginia.
NATIONAL/INTERNATIONAL REFEREED PRESENTATIONS
Dabbagh, N. (March 2012). Performance support for advanced learning technologies selection and integration. Presented at the 2012 American Institute of Higher Education 7th International Conference, Williamsburg, VA, March 7-9, 2012
Zawawi, B., & Dabbagh, N. (November 2011). Grounded design for online Problem-Based Learning: A theory to practice approach. Presented at the Sloan-C International Conference on Online Learning, Lake Buena Vista, Florida, November 9-11, 2011.
Dabbagh, N., & Clark, K. (August 2011). Explore, select, apply: Advanced learning technologies integration tool. Presented at the 27th Annual Conference on Distance Teaching and Learning, Madison, Wisconsin, August 3-5, 2011.
Dabbagh, N., & Reo, R. (June 2011). A transformative framework for social software use in e-learning. Paper presented at the ED-MEDIA World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia and Telecommunications, Lisbon, Portugal, June 27-July 1, 2011.
Dabbagh, N., Clark, K., & Dass, S. (April 2011). LATIST: A performance support tool for technology integration. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association (AERA) annual meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana.
Clark, K., & Dabbagh, N. (June 2010). Defense Acquisition University selection and integration of advanced learning technologies. Paper presented at the Ed-Media World Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, & Telecommunications, Toronto, Canada.
Dabbagh, N., Clark, K., Al-Waaili, Byrd, S., Conrad, S., Curran, R., Dass, S., Hampton, S., Koduah, G., Moore, D., & Turner, J. (June 2010). LATIST: A research driven approach to incorporating innovative learning technology designs at the Defense Acquisition University (DAU). Research project and prototype presented at the 6th annual Innovations in E-Learning Symposium, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia
Dabbagh, N., & Williams-Blijd, C. (April 2010). Students' perceptions of their learning experiences in an authentic instructional design context. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association (AERA) annual meeting, Denver, Colorado.
Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (April 2010). Exploring how experienced online instructors use integrative learning technologies to support self-regulated learning. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association (AERA) annual meeting, Denver, Colorado.
Dabbagh, N., & Reo, R. (November 2009). Social media and social learning: A perfect fit or a close encounter? Paper presented at the IADIS International Conference on Cognition and Exploratory Learning in the Digital Age (CELDA 2009), Rome, Italy.
Dabbagh, N. (June 2009). Social media and social learning: A perfect fit or a close encounter? Paper presented at the Sloan-C International Symposium on Emerging Technology Applications for Online Learning, San Francisco, California.
Williams van Rooij, S.G., & Dabbagh, N. (April 2009). Facilitating project-based learning in virtual teams using project management methodology. Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association (AERA) annual meeting, San Diego, California.
Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (November 2008). Evaluating the instructional utility of integrative learning technologies (ILT) in online, blended, or distributed learning environments. Proposal accepted for presentation at the annual conference of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology (AECT), Orlando, FL.
Dabbagh, N., & Williams van Rooij, S.G. (November 2008). A three component framework for balancing pedagogy and technology in e-learning design. Proposal accepted for presentation at the annual conference of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology (AECT), Orlando, FL.
Samsonovich, A.V., deJong, K.A., Kitsantas, A., Peters, E.E., Dabbagh, N., & Kalbfleisch, M.L. (March 2008). Cognitive Constructor: An Intelligent Tutoring System based on a Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture (BICA). Paper presented at The First Conference on Artificial General Intelligence (AGI-08) in cooperation with AAAI (Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence), University of Memphis, Memphis, TN.
Dabbagh, N. (October 2007). Learning designs for ill-structured problems: Analysis and implications for practice. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology (AECT), Anaheim, CA.
Dabbagh, N., & Clark, K. (October 2007). Learning instructional design by doing instructional design: As real as it gets! Presented at the annual conference of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology (AECT), Anaheim, CA.
Beattie, M., & Dabbagh, N. (October 2007). Examining student and teacher perceptions of the usefulness of microworlds in supporting the learning and assessment of computer networking problem solving skills: An exploratory case study. Paper presented at the annual conference of the Association for Educational Communications & Technology (AECT), Anaheim, CA.
Dabbagh, N., Breighner, J., Czapracki, A., Gray, L., Jain, R., Jones, A. (April
2007). The
challenges of using SCORM compliant LCMS to implement an online training system
for underground coal mine supervisors. Proposal submitted to the annual
ID+SCORM conference, sponsored by BYU and ADL.
Dabbagh, N. (February 2007). Technology, globalization, and distance education: Pedagogical models and constructs. Paper accepted for presentation at the Annual Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) conference, February 25 – March 1, Baltimore, MD.
Dabbagh, N., & Beach. D. (April 2007). CANVAS: A Self
Regulated Learning Tool Supporting Goal Setting, Self
Monitoring, and Task Strategies.
Paper accepted for presentation at the 2007 American Educational
Research Association (AERA) annual conference to be held in
Chicago, IL .
Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas. A. (April 2006). Designing learning tasks as scaffolds for self regulated learning using web-based pedagogical tools: Research findings and implications . Paper presented at the 2006 American Educational Research Association (AERA) annual conference, San Francisco, CA.
*Beach, D., *Humphrey, M., *Caran, K., *Marshak, L., *Madden, M., *Iguchi, C., & Dabbagh, N. (October 2005). E-Tools for self-regulated learning: Retaining “NetGen” freshmen using technology. Paper presented at the 2005 World Confere nce on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education, Vancouver, BC.
Dabbagh, N., & Kitsantas, A. (October 2005). Assisting
teachers in supporting student self regulation in distributed
learning contexts: An instructional model. Paper presented
at the annual conference of the Association for Educational
Communications and Technology (AECT), Orlando, Florida.
Dabbagh, N., & Menasce, D. (2005). Complex Problem-Solving
Within a Simulated Entrepreneurial Market: An Exploratory Case
Study. Paper presented at the 2005 American Educational Research
Association (AERA) annual conference, Montreal, Canada.
Dabbagh, N. (2004). Scaffolding: An
important teacher competency in online learning. Paper presented
at the
Association for Educational Communications & Technology
(AECT) annual conference, Chicago, Illinois.
Battle, D., & Dabbagh, N. (2004). Copyright
for educators: Instructional strategies for going beyond compliance.
Paper presented at the E-Learn World Conference
on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher
Education. Washington, DC. November 2004.
Dabbagh, N. (2004). Pushing the envelope:
Designing authentic learning activities using Course Management
Systems. Paper presented at the E-Learn World Conference
on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and
Higher
Education. Washington, DC. November 2004.
Dabbagh, N. (2004). Assessing team-based instructional
design problem solutions of hierarchical versus heterarchical
web-based
hypermedia
cases: A case study. Paper presented at the
American Educational Research Association (AERA) annual
conference in San Diego, CA.
Kitsantas, A. & Dabbagh, N. (2004). Using
web based pedagogical tools to support student self-regulated
learning: New understandings.
Paper presented at the American Educational
Research Association (AERA) annual conference in San
Diego,
CA.
Dabbagh, N. (2003). Promoting authentic
learning activities: The bulls eye of instructional strategies. Paper presented
at the Association for Educational Communications & Technology
(AECT) International Conference, Anaheim, CA.
Dabbagh, N. & Kitsantas, A. (2003). Do web-based pedagogical
tools support self-regulatory processes in distributed learning
environments? Paper presented at the American Educational Research
Association (AERA), Chicago, Illinois.
Dabbagh, N. & Kitsantas, A. (2002). Supporting self-regulation
in student-centered web-based learning environments. Paper presented
at the 2002 E-Learn conference, Montreal, Canada.
Austin, J. & Dabbagh, N. (June, 2002). Sculpturequest
Microworld prototype. Exemplary project presented at the EdMedia World
Conference on Educational Multimedia, Hypermedia, & Telcommunications,
Denver, Colorado.
Dabbagh, N. (April, 2002). Assessing complex problem-solving
skills and knowledge assembly using web-based hypermedia
design.
Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association
(AERA), New Orleans, Louisiana.
Gilbert, P. & Dabbagh, N. (April, 2002). Assessing
the impact of structuredness of online protocols on meaningful
discourse.
Paper presented at the American Educational Research Association
(AERA), New Orleans, Louisiana.
Dabbagh, N. (November, 2001). Authoring tools and learning
systems: a historical perspective. Paper presented at the Association
for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT), Atlanta,
Georgia.
Denning, P., Dabbagh, N., Athale, R., Menasce, D., Offut, J.,
Pullen, M., Sandhu, R., & Ruth, S. (July, 2001). Designing
an IT college. Paper presented at the International Federation
of Information Processing (IFIP) World Congress on Computing
Education (WCCE), Copenhagen.
Dabbagh, N. (March, 2001). The challenges of interfacing
between face-to-face and online instruction. Paper presented at the
Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education's 12th
International Conference (SITE), Orlando, Florida.
Denning, P., Dabbagh, N., Athale, R., Menasce, D., Offut, J.,
Pullen, M., Sandhu, R., & Ruth, S. (February, 2001). A
model curriculum for an information technology college. Paper presented
at the 32nd Technical Symposium of the Association for Computing
Machinery (ACM). Charlotte, North Carolina, February 21 - 25,
2001.
Dabbagh, N. & Bannan-Ritland, B. (November 5, 2000). Redesigning
instructional strategies for online learning. Paper presented
at the Sixth International Conference on Asynchronous Learning
Networks, University of Maryland University College, Adelphi,
Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (October 30, 2000). Using PBL to teach instructional
design. Paper presented at the Problem Based Learning (PBL)
2000 Conference: Promises, Breakthroughs, and Lessons, Birmingham,
Alabama.
Dabbagh, N. & Bannan-Ritland, B. (October 27, 2000). Connecting
web features and instructional strategies through the implementation
of generative synthesis and knowledge representation. Instructional
model presented at the Association for Educational Communications
and Technology (AECT), Denver, Colorado.
Bannan-Ritland, B., & Dabbagh, N. (February, 2000). Creation
of a web knowledge base to support teaching and learning of
instructional design. Presented at the Association for Educational
Communications and Technology (AECT), Long Beach, California.
Hill, J., Bannan-Ritland, B., Dabbagh, N., & Land, S. (February,
2000). Stories from the trenches: Creating web-based instruction.
Paper presented at the Association for Educational Communications
and Technology (AECT), Long Beach, California.
Blake, T., & Dabbagh, N. (February, 2000). Expanding
the content base of instructional design/technology programs:
project
management as a topic of study. Paper presented at
the Association for Educational Communications and Technology
(AECT),
Long Beach, California.
Dabbagh, N., Bannan-Ritland, B., & Silc, K. (June, 1999).
Web-based course authoring tools: Pedagogical implications.
Paper presented at the EdMedia World Conference on Educational
Multimedia, Hypermedia & Telecommunications, Seattle, Washington.
Dabbagh, N. (February, 1999). Converting a computer-based
multimedia learning environment to a web-based instructional
medium. Presented
at the Association for Educational Communications and Technology
(AECT), Houston, Texas.
Dabbagh, N. (February, 1999). Pedagogical implications
of redesigning instruction for web-based delivery. Paper presented at the Association
for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT), Houston,
Texas.
Dabbagh, N. (October, 1998). Learning with technology
not about technology. Presented at the Professional Development School
National conference: Charting A New Course, Baltimore, MD, October
16th, 1998.
Dabbagh, N. (March, 1998). Enhancing critical thinking
skills through concept mapping. Paper presented at the 9th annual conference
of the Society for Information Technology and Teacher Education
(SITE), Washington, DC.
Dabbagh, N. (February, 1998). Problem generation and representation
in problem-based learning: a case study. Proposal presented
at the annual conference of the Association for Educational
Communications and Technology (AECT), St. Louis, Missouri.
Dabbagh, N., Samouilova, M., Yueh, H.P., Jonassen, D.H. (February,
1997). Assessing a problem-based learning approach to an
introductory instructional design course. Paper presented at the annual conference
of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology
(AECT), Albuquerque, New Mexico.
Dabbagh, N. (February, 1996). Creating personal relevance
through adapting an educational task, situationally, to a
learners
individual interests. Paper presented at the annual conference
of the Association for Educational Communications and Technology
(AECT), Indianapolis, Indiana.
Dabbagh, N. (February, 1995). A cognitive flexibility
hypertext on individual differences in learning. CBI project presented
at the annual conference of the Association for Educational
Communications and Technology (AECT), Anaheim, California.
STATE/REGIONAL REFEREED PRESENTATIONS
Dabbagh, N. (March 2007). Supporting Education for All through Technology, Globalization, and Distance Education. Paper accepted for presentation at the second annual IPI conference sponsored by the Virginia Education Association Northern Virginia Region and The College of Education and Human Development at George Mason University.
Dabbagh, N. & *Gilbert, P. (April, 2002). Structuring online
discussions. Paper presented at the Mid-Atlantic Teaching and
Technology Support (MATTS) conference, George Washington University,
Washington, DC.
Dabbagh, N. & Burton, L. (April, 2000). What worked and
why: an analysis of a course to teach principles of web-based
instruction. Paper presented at the Lilly Conference on College
Teaching - Atlantic, Towson, Maryland.
Dabbagh, N., & Burton, L. (October, 1999). The design,
development, implementation, and evaluation of a graduate level
course for teaching web-based instruction. Paper presented at
the North American Web conference, Fredricton, New Brunswick.
Dabbagh, N. (April, 1997). Using problem-based learning to
teach systematic instructional design. Paper presented at the
Lilly Conference on College Teaching - Atlantic, Towson, Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (November, 1996). The effect of contextualizing
instruction on relevance and learning. Paper presented at the
annual conference of the Pennsylvania Association for Educational
Communications and Technology, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Dabbagh, N. (November, 1995). Adapting instruction to individual
differences: a case-based learning environment. CBI project
presented at the annual conference of the Pennsylvania Association
for Educational Communications and Technology, Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Dabbagh, N., Grabowski, B. (October, 1995). Providing contextualized
choices: the effects of adapting CBI to students interests.
Paper presented at the annual conference of the Northeastern
Educational Research Association, Ellenville, New York.
LOCAL PRESENTATIONS AND WORKSHOPS
Dabbagh, N. (March 2006). Distance learning: Emerging pedagogical issues and learning designs. Paper presented at a doctoral student seminar at George Mason University’s Graduate School of Education, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. & Menasce, D. (December 2005). Student perceptions of engineering entrepreneurship: An exploratory study. Paper presented at the 2nd annual conference on entrepreneurship research at Mason.
Dabbagh, N. (August 2005). Integrative learning design framework
for online learning. A 3-day presentation/workshop for the
Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) Academy faculty.
National Mine Academy, Beckley, WV.
Dabbagh, N. (March 2005). Linking research to policy in educational
technology contexts. Panelist at a doctoral student seminar
at George Mason University’s Graduate School of Education,
Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (April 2004). Distance learning: Emerging pedagogical
issues and learning designs. Paper presented at a doctoral
student seminar at George Mason University’s Graduate
School of Education, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (April 2004). Using blogs as a teaching and learning
tool. Faculty development presentation at The Instructional
Resource Center (IRC) and the Center for Teaching Excellence.
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (November 2003). The challenges of interfacing between
face-to-face and online instruction. Faculty development presentation
at The Instructional Resource Center (IRC) and the Center for
Teaching Excellence. George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (November 2002). Structuring online discussions.
Faculty development presentation at the School of Management
Faculty Retreat. George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (November 2002). The effects of hierarchical versus
heterarchical web-based hypermedia designs on exploration, collaboration,
and problem solving in a case-based learning environment. Paper
presented at a doctoral student seminar at George Mason Universitys
Graduate School of Education, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (September 2002). Structure for grading online
discussions. Faculty development presentation at The Instructional
Resource Center (IRC) and the Center for Teaching Excellence.
George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (April, 2002). Does case structure matter? Sharing
of Scholarship, Graduate School of Education, sponsored by the
Professional Development Committee.
Dabbagh, N. (January 29, 2002). Instructional design. Faculty
development workshop. Virginia Theological Seminary, Alexandria,
Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (October 1, 2001). Structuring online discussions.
Faculty development presentation at George Mason University's
Graduate School of Education's faculty meeting, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (November 2001). Online learning and web-based
course authoring tools: concepts, strategies, and applications.
Book chapter presented at a doctoral student seminar course
at George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (April 6, 2001). Instructional technology and learning
theory. Presented to students of the Adult Learning and Professional
Development Program at George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. & Bannan-Ritland, B. (February 7, 2001). The
instructional design and development track at GMU. Presented
to the board of directors of the Century Club of George Mason
University, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. & Gilbert, P. (November 6, 2000). Introduction
to blackboard: A tool to facilitate online learning. Faculty
development presentation at George Mason University's Graduate
School of Education's faculty meeting, Fairfax, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (June, 2000). Interfacing between face-to-face
and online instruction. Paper presented at the Arlington Public
Schools Technology Symposia, Arlington, Virginia.
Dabbagh, N. (November 17, 1999). Faculty projects in WebCT.
Instructional Resource Center (IRC) Faculty Showcase. George
Mason University, Fairfax, VA.
Dabbagh, N. (January 12, 1999). Becoming an online instructor.
Faculty development workshop. Center for Instructional Advancement
and Technology, Towson University, Towson, Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (December, 1998). Creating an online learning environment.
Faculty development workshop. Center for Instructional Advancement
and Technology, Towson University, Towson, Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (November, 1998). Ee-engineering teaching with
web-based instruction. Faculty development workshop. Center
for Instructional Advancement and Technology, Towson University,
Towson, Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (October, 1998). Webbing it and mapping it: Converting
PowerPoint presentations to web format, using Perseus survey
solutions to develop online surveys, using inspiration to create
concept maps. Faculty development workshop. College of Education,
Towson University, Towson, Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (Fall, 1996). Introduction to clarisworks word
processing and drawing tools; the internet and the world wide
web; distance learning technologies. Semester long workshop
for Egyptian in-service teachers. Towson Universitys OutReach
Program, Towson, Maryland.
Dabbagh, N. (May, 1995). Introduction to Compel and Toolbook.
Pre-service and in-service teachers workshop. Instructional
Technology Educational Center, The Pennsylvania State University,
State College, Pennsylvania.