Hypermedia/ Exploratory Media | Dialogical Media | Integrational Media | Emerging Technologies

Non-Instructional Interventions
Expert systems Job aids Performance support systems

Instructor-Based Media
One-to-one Small group Large class

Text-Based Media
Manual/ workbook Textbook Programmed instruction

Multimedia

Simple Presentation Media

Computer Mediated Instruction Simulated Instruction

Audio

Overhead

Slides

Computer-based instruction

Intelligent tutoring systems

Board games

Manipulatives

Models (physical/ tactile)

Puzzles


Hypermedia and/or Exploratory Media (TOP)

Derived from the term hypertext, hypermedia uses computer-addressable files that embed hyperlinks to multimedia information and/or objects. Hypermedia links are usually contained in Web documents and in instructional products generated through the use of authoring tools, and include text, graphic images, video, audio, and animation displays.

Exploratory media is based on the theoretical construct of discovery learning. Learners are provided with a scientific inquiry in a given content area and asked to gather relevant information using a variety of resources provided within Web-based instruction through the use of external resources.

Associated Technologies Theoretical Constructs/ Models* Strategies**

Animation

Digital audio & video

Direct manipulation interface

Graphics

Hyperlinks/ Hypertext

Plug-ins

Programs created in authoring systems

Search engines

Self-contained instructional modules

Authentic activity

Discovery learning

Case-based learning

Cognitive flexibility hypertext

Contextualized learning

Experiential learning

Exploration

Guided learning-by-doing

Individualized instruction

Interactivity

Learner Control

Microworlds/ Simulations

Multimodal

Self-directed learning

Thematic-based learning

Articulation and self-reflection

Browsing

Chunking

Determining cause & effect

Feedback

Hypothesis formulation

Focused browsing

Learner-generated searches

Linking abstract concepts to case examples

Problem-solving

Promote active learning

Provide multiple perspectives

Remediation

Self-paced

Sequencing

Trial and error


Dialogical/ Collaborative Media (TOP)
Dialogical, or collaborative, media is based on the pedagogical models of learning communities, knowledge building communities, communities of practice, and distributed learning. This type of media assists learners in constructing new knowledge primarily through dialogue as a form of an interaction. It can be facilitated through various asynchronous and synchronous technologies.
Associated Technologies Theoretical Constructs/ Models* Strategies**

Asynchronous (events that take place independently in time)

Asynchronous learning networks

Bulletin boards/ discussion forums

Computer conferencing

CSILE

CSCW

Document sharing

Email

Groupware

Listservs

Synchronous (events that take place in real-time)

Groupware

IRC

MEOWs

MOOs

MUDs

MUVEEs

Shared synthetic environments

Videoconferencing

Virtual chat

Virtual communities

Anthropomorphesis/ avatars

Collaborative learning

Computer-mediated communication

Cyberspace cultures

Distributed learning

Articulation

Brainstorming

Collaborative activities

Dynamic group interaction

Group and peer evaluations

Group self-management

Mentoring

Modeling

Negotiation, consensus building

Reflection

Role-playing

Synthesis


Integrational Media (TOP)
Integrational media is based on the recent emergence of Web-based course authoring tools, such as WebCT, LearningSpace, and Blackboard. It attempts to merge elements of the instructional attributes of exploratory and dialogical learning environments into a central course or knowledge portal. It presents an opportunity to incorporate various instructional strategies using available features of software into a holistic course design.
Associated Technologies Theoretical Constructs/ Models* Strategies**

Web-based authoring tools
(e.g. Dreamweaver, Authorware, Toolbook)

Course management systems
(e.g. WebCT, Blackboard)

Learning management systems
(e.g. Saba, Docent, THINQ TrainingServer, LearningSpace, TopClass)

Collaborative

Computer-mediated communication

Distributed learning

Embedded authentic activities

Guided learning

Interactivity

Knowledge representation

Learner control

Multimodal

Self-directed learning

Articulation

Brainstorming

Collaborative activities

Group interaction On-line testing

Negotiation, concuss building

Reflection

Self and peer assessment

Synthesis



Emerging Technologies (TOP)
Assistive technologies Data mining Digital libraries
Learning objects/ Shareable courseware Modeling and visualization tools Peer-to-peer computing
Virtual reality Wearable computers Wireless Web

*For more inforrmation on Theoretical Constructs or Models, visit Select Instructional Models/ Theories to Develop Instructional Prototypes.

**For more information on strategies, visit Support Instructional Models with Instructional Strategies and Tactics.


TOP

Home | Doing an ID Project

Perform a Front End Analysis | Develop Learner Outcomes/ Performance Objectives | Perform a Task Analysis | Select Instructional Models / Theories to Develop Instructional Prototypes | Support Instructional Models with Instructional Strategies and Tactics | Conduct Evaluation of Instructional Program