Biology 307
Exam three
Unless instructed otherwise,
choose the one best answer in multiple choice questions.
(7) 1.Match the
specific organism with the trophic descriptions provided below.
Microparasite _____________
Macroparasite _____________
Parasitoid _____________
Small
Herbivore _____________
Large
Herbivore _____________
Solitary
predator _____________
Pack
Predator ______________
A. Bacteria B. Hyena C. Mountain Lion (Cougar)
D. Gypsy
Moth larva E. Zebra
F. Tapeworm G. "Parasitic" Wasp
(3) 2. What is an example of
a solitary predator which is usually smaller than the prey that it attacks?
(3) 3. +/0
symbolizes ecological relationships know as:
a)
competitive b) symbiotic
c) mutualistic d)
commensal e) none of the above
(3) 4. Seed
predation is an example of:
a)
parasitism b) mutualism
c)
predation d) parasitoids
(3) 5. Fruit eating
is most often an example of:
a)
mutualism b) predation
c)
commensalism d) carnivory
(3) 6. An example
of a social parasite is:
a)
male lions b) a bird such as a
cowbird or cuckoo
c)
a "parasitic" wasp
d)
a social fraternity
e)
your cousin Victor
(3) 7. The
Lotka-Volterra predator-prey equations:
a)
predict competitive exclusion
b)
predict extinction of the prey
c)
predict that predator-prey interactions are inherently oscillatory (= are
neutrally stable).
d)
predict extinction of both the predator and the prey.
(3)
8. The data on hare and lynx populations, as originally presented by
Charles Elton:
a)
are based on extensive scientific sampling
b)
confirm the accuracy of the Lotka-Volterra equations
c)
show that hare eat lynx
d)
are based on pelts brought into the Hudson's Bay company by trappers; therefore
their accuracy is questionable.
(4)
9. According to the work of C.S. Holling on functional responses of
predators, which two of the following components of predation limit
predation rate when prey are very rare?
a)
handling time/energy
b)
capturing time/energy
c)
digestion time/energy
d)
search time/energy
(3) 10. In the
"alternate prey hypothesis:"
a)
populations of cyclic prey such as voles and hare are limited by predation
b)
predator populations are limited by the alternate prey species
c)
cyclic populations such as hare are density independent
d)
in years when the cyclic prey species are in a down cycle, alternate prey such
as grouse are limited by predators such as red fox
(3) 11.In years when cyclic
prey populations are down:
a)
populations of predators such as lynx may be limited by other predator species
b)
predator populations are unaffected
c)
predators such as lynx begin forming coalitions in order to undertake group
foraging
d)
predators simply starve to death
(11) 12.Match the following
techniques or evolutionary adaptations used by prey species to escape predation,
with the specific example.
Predator
satiation (escape in time) __________
Escape
in Space __________
Physical
toughness __________
Cryptic
color pattern __________
Flash
pattern __________
Aposematic
pattern ___________
Alkaloid
chemical defense ___________
Tannin
chemical defense ___________
Glycoside
chemical defense ___________
Terpene
chemical defense ___________
Mimicry ___________
A) Pine tree B)
Milkweed Plant C) Oak tree
D)
Nicotine E) Opuntia stricta-Cactoblastis cactorum
F)
Armadillo G) Stick insect
H) White
tail deer I) Periodical cicadas
J) Viceroy
butterflies K) Striped Skunk
(3) 13.According to research
on induced chemical defenses, the down cycle in snowshoe hare populations is
actually caused by:
a)
an increase in palatable, high quality food
b)
the lynx population
c)
harsh winters
d)
an increase in phenolic resins and terpenes in foliar buds, resulting in a decline
in palatable food
(3) 14.According
to the theory by Feeny, new leaves of many plants contain chemical defenses
similar to those of:
a)
mature leaves b) apparent plants
c)
unapparent plants d) tannins
(9) 15.In the space found below,
in a series of three drawings, illustrate the following ideas:
A)
a preserve likely to be subject to edge effects
B)
a series of preserves demonstrating the species-area relationship of MacArthur
and Wilson
C)
a series of preserves demonstrating metapopulation dynamics
(3) 16.Which of the following
is most likely to have the largest number of species:
a) a
small island, far from the mainland
b)
a large island, far from the mainland
c)
a large island, close to the mainland
d)
a small island, far from the mainland
17. (33) Graphs which
illustrate the following relationships are shown below.Match the graphs with
the correct statements.
A)Lotka-Volterra
predator-prey equations.
B)
Dampened oscillations leading to a stable limit cycle
C)
Dampened oscillations leading to a stable point
D)
Mutual extinction of predator and prey, illustrating Gause's original Paramecium-Didinium
experiment.
E)
Prey populations fluctuate; no numerical response from predator
F)
Type I functional response
G)
Type III functional response
H)
Potential complex relationship between grazing by herbivores and plant
reproduction
I)Relationship
between species diversity and successional stage
J)
Species area effect of MacArthur and Wilson
K)
Species equilibrium as a result of the process of immigration and extinction