This essay will explain the techniques used to create the character of Gollum in The Lord of the Rings, focusing specifically on digital effects. First, a history of motion capture will be briefly outlined, followed by a description of motion capture animation. Then the character of Gollum will be explored, from his origin in the Lord of the Rings novels, to his initial design at Weta Digital in New Zealand. Finally, the creation of the character in motion capture by Andy Serkis, and the subsequent digital animation of Gollum by the artists at Weta will be discussed.