BIOL 471-001 Name:____________________________________
FINAL EXAMINATION (100 points)
(28) Indicate whether each of the following statements is true (T) or false (F):
1. T F Evidence for mass extinctions is observed in the fossil record every 26 million years from the Cambrian to the present.
2. T F The oldest fossil cells are known from rocks dated at approximately 3.5 billion years old.
3. T F The first plants and animals are found in the fossil record in the Ordovician.
4. T F The Ediacaran fauna were completely different from the Cambrian fauna, indicating that all modern animal phyla originated at some time during the Cambrian.
5. T F Fossils of the first seed plants and reptiles are found in the Carboniferous.
6. T F Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved after nonoxygenic photosynthesis.
7. T F Since they have a separate complement of DNA and a distinct membrane, plastids, mitochondria, undulipodia and nuclei probably all originated by endosymbiosis.
8. T F Sediments from the end of the Cretaceous period contain unusually high concentrations of iridium, an element not found on planet Earth.
9. T F Pangea existed from the beginning of the Cambrian until about the end of the Permian, when it began to break up into continents.
10. T F The Burgess Shale fossils suggest that there were more phylum-level groups of multicellular organisms in the Cambrian than there are today.
11. T F Mammals evolved after the extinction at the end of the Cretaceous that eliminated all of the dinosaurs.
12. T F Present-day primates include nocturnal, insectivorous marsupials such as aye-ayes and lemurs that still live in Africa.
13. T F The family Hominidae is characterized by upright posture and bipedalism.
14. T F According to the "multiregional continuity" theory, modern Homo sapiens originated in Asia and Europe before they appeared in Africa.
(18) Multiple choice. Circle only one of the choices
available:
15. Which of the following extinct hominid species is found in the oldest part of the fossil record:
16. Which of the following events occurred most recently according to the fossil record:
17. Which of the following is not known to disappear at the end of the Cretaceous:
18. Of the following, which is not seen until after the beginning of the Cretaceous:
19. Of the following, which period is characterized by strictly aquatic life:
20. Of the following, which is not an anthropoid represented in the Miocene:
21.(20) Give approximate dates (in years before present) for each of the following events as indicated by the fossil record:
22.(8) Briefly distinguish between the following pairs of alternatives, making clear how the difference is evolutionarily significant:
a. archaebacteria vs eubacteria
b. synapsids vs diapsids
c. Platyrrhines vs Catarrhines
d. Ardipithecus vs Australopithecus
23.(16) Briefly define the following terms:
a. "archaic" Homo sapiens
b. Coacervates
c. Piltdown Man
d. Chemical evolution
24. (10) Arrange the following events in chronological order and
give an approximate time (in years before present) for each: