Kozlowski Law Review
Columns 1982-Present
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Articles listed below have appeared in Parks & Recreation magazine,
the official publication of the National Recreation and Park Association.
https://www.nrpa.org/parks-recreation-magazine/
2024
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Jun 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 6
James C. Kozlowski, Parks
& Recreation, May 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 5
Urban Parks Tradition of Firearm Regulation
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Apr 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 4
Fired Parks Worker
Claims Racial Discrimination
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 3
Citizen Opposition to
Cell Tower Lease in City Park
James C.
Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2024 Vol. 58, Iss.
2
“Dangerous Condition”
Security Liability for Park Shooting?
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Jan 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 1
2023
Premises Liability
Requires Unreasonably Dangerous Condition
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Dec 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 12
Uncertain Firearm
Tradition in Nation’s Parks
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Nov 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 11
Historical Tradition of
Firearm Regulation in Public Parks
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Oct 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 10
Supreme Court “Wetlands”
Standard under Clean Water Act
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Sep 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 9
Disorganized Lifeguard
Response in Lake Drowning
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Aug 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 8
Concrete Bench Adjacent
to Pickleball Court
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Jul 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 7
Park Permits for Sound
Amplification & Religious Events
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 6
History
Justifies “Gun Free” Public Park
Resources?
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 5
“Philly Jesus”
Handcuffed at Love Park Christmas Festival
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Apr 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 4
“Black Lives Matter”
Murals Stir Constitutional Controversy
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Mar 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 3
Bicycle Trail
Alternative to Historic Bridge Demolition
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Feb 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 2
“Anti-Gay” Singer
Issued Park Trespass Warning
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Jan 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 1
2022
Constitutionality of
Filmmaking Regulations in National Parks
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Dec 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 12
Environmental Review
of Chicago Park Obama Center
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Nov 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 11
Soccer Camp Game
Segregated Youth by Race/Ethnicity
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Oct 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 10
Retaliation after
Gender Discrimination Claim
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Sep 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 9
Recreational Use
Immunity for Dangerous Sledding Hill
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Aug 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 8
Youth Soccer Coach
Arrest Police Immunity
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, July 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 7
Park District Age
Discrimination Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, June 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 6
Forest Preserve Gun
Ban Second Amendment Challenge
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 5
Confederate Flag
Removed from City Christmas Parade
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Apr 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 4
Service Dog Beach
Ban ADA Claim
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Mar 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 3
Youth Baseball
Disability Discrimination Claim
James C. Kozlowski,
Parks & Recreation, Feb 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 2
Public Golf Course Volunteers Minimum Wage Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 1
2021
COVID Emergency Order Park Protest Arrests
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 12
Ordinance Prohibits Bare Female Breasts in Public
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 11
Park Land Sale Contract for Shopping Center
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 10
Terminated Parks Employee Retaliation Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 9
Standing to Challenge Obama Center in Chicago Park
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 8
Park Homeless Encampment Closure During COVID Pandemic
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 7
ADA Challenge to Segregation of Program Participant
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 6
Environmental Review of State Park Highway Widening
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 5
Due Process Notice for COVID Sweeps at Homeless Encampment
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 4
Day Camp Suspension for Disabled Participant's Threats
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 3
Homeless Encampment "Sweeps" in Parks During COVID
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 2
Covid Emergency Order Regulated Park Protest
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 1
2020
Premises Liability for Fall on Trump Operated Ice Rink
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 12
Citizen Activism Can Preserve LWCF Funded Park Resources
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 11
COVID-19 Emergency Orders Restricted "Individual Liberties"
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 10
Park Law Enforcement Civil Rights Claims
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 9
Informal "Comp Time" Process Prompts Sex Discrimination Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 8
NEPA Process for Deer Management at National Seashore
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 7
First Amendment Challenge to City Festival Ordinances
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 6
Reconsidering the Spectator Protection "Baseball Rule"
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 5
Fired Parks Employee Claims Retaliation In Violation of ADA
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 4
City Lifeguard Videotaped Women in Staff Changing Room
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 3
Employment Due Process Under Zero Tolerance Drug Policy
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 2
Policy Immunity Challenged in Hazardous Tree Deaths
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 1
2019
Gender & Age Discrimination Claim in Park Promotion
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 12
ADA Accommodation Claim by Terminated Recreation Employee
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 11
ADA Claim to Allow Emotional Support Hog in Parks
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 10
Longstanding Historic Cross Constitutional Challenge
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 9
Overtime Work Racial Discrimination Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 8
Camping Ordinance Criminalized Homeless Status
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 7
Gun Show in Park Rental Facility Not "Family Entertainment"
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 6
Certified Playground Safety Inspector Accident Review
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 5
Crude Racist Skit Tests First Amendment
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 4
Claustrophobic Workplace ADA Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 3
Shallow Water Diving Injury Contributory Negligence
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 2
City Restricted Park Food Sharing With Homeless
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 1
2018
Former Parks Director Claims Overtime Pay Under FLSA
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 12
""Courtesy Hours" for Off-Leash Dogs in Public Parks
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 11
Championship Time Standards Disqualify Disabled Athletes
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 10
Recreational Immunity - Contrasting Bicycle Opinions
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 9
Common Lake Organism Fatal to Park Visitor
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 8
Governmental Immunity for Park Security Policy
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 7
Park Purpose Challenge to Wireless Communications Facility
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 6
Standing to Challenge Removal of Confederate Park Monuments
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 5
City Farmer's Market Vendor Religious Freedom Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 4
Limited Duty Applicable to Overdose Cardiac Arrest
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 3
Public Park Dedication Evident in LWCF Grant
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 2
Rope Swing Landowner Liability and Immunity
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 1
2017
Adverse Possession Claims in Park Land
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 12
Park Permit for Location-Based "Pokmon Go" Games
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 11
Content-Based Park Permit Decisions Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 10
State Playground Program Disqualified Religious Organizations
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 9
ADA Accessibility Rules for Alterations of Existing Facilities
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 8
Crash on Challenging Mountain Bike Trail
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 7
Criminal Background Checks for Youth Sport Coaches
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 6
Transportation Planning Must Mitigate Park Impacts
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 5
Park Permit for Commercial Wedding Photos
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 4
Gun Permitees Challenge Park Firearm Regulations
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 3
Head Shots Just Part of the Game
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 2
Inaugural Parade Regulations Constitutional Challenge
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 1
2016
Fateful Dive into "Closed" Park Pond Pool
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 12
Age Discrimination Claim by Beach Patrol Chief
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 11
"Hold Harmless" Incentive in Recreational Use Statute
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 10
Economic Development Ongoing Threat to LWCF Legacy
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 9
Rectal Syringe Unreasonable ADA Accommodation
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 8
Recreational Use Statutes in State Supreme Courts
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 7
Legal Relationship Shapes AED Use Requirement
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 6
Turf Field Cancer Risk Environmental Review
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 5
Governmental Immunity for Deadly Mountain Goat
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 4
Gun Rights Tested in Parks and Public Spaces
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 3
Physician Nixes Post-Injury Return to Football
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 2
Downtown Panhandling Ordinance Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 1
2015
Park Ban on Unattended Holiday Displays
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 12
Transgender Discrimination in Male Locker Room
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 11
Women Busted for Bare Breasts in Public, Not Men
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 10
Competitive Bidding “Fairness” Concession Contract
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 9
Natural Condition Immunity for Campsite Tree Injury
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 8
Troubled Triathlete Expelled from Recreation Program
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 7
Public Trust Challenge to Private Park Museum
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 6
Lower Liability Standard for Coaches During Competition
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 5
No Liability Precedent in State Park Settlement
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 4
Park Playground Ban on Adults Unaccompanied by Children
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 3
Pretrial Summary Judgment Dismisses Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 2
Residency Policy Racial Discrimination Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 1
2014
Safety Feature Standard Practice in Sport?
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 12
Bible Believers Target Arab Festival
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 11
Concussion Training Lacking in Federal Civil Rights Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 10
Keep Your Eye on the Baseball Rule
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 9
Neutral Park Curfew Ordinance Constitutional
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 8
Leash Law Violator Tased and Confused
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 7
Federal Flood Control Immunity Slippery When Wet
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 6
Fingertips Removed by Playground Chain
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 5
Parks Administration Back Disability ADA Claims
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 4
Recreational Immunity for Topsoil Debris Dumped in Park
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 3
National Lakeshore Residents Resist Tree Removal
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb. 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 2
Website Invitation to “Dangerous” Park
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan. 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 1
2013
No Liability for Independent Contractor Negligence
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 12
Traditional Immunity for Local Parks
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 11
No Warning of Nuisance Bear Threat to Campers
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 10
Park Hours Prohibited Overnight Occupation
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 9
NEPA Review of Fracking Leases on Public Lands
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 8
Administration of Emergency Seizure Medication Discontinued
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 7
Pavilion Restaurant Questionable Ґark PurposeӼ/span>
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 6
Majority "Baseball Rule" Limits Spectator Liability
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 5
Blind Paintballers Disability Discrimination Claim
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 4
Park User Challenges Outdoor Public Smoking Ban
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 3
Park Arrest for Flamboyant Ballet Exercise
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 2
Assumption of Risk for Observable Ballfield Defects
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 1
2012
Bible Distribution Regulated at Gay Pride Festival
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 12
State Park Mineral Exploration in LWCF Project
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 11
Obvious Tree Hazard on Park Sledding Hill
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 10
ADA Claimants Must be Qualified for Swim Programs
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sept. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 9
Did City Ballfield Permits Favor Religious Schools?
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 8
Supervision Faulted in City Camping Trip Fatality
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 7
No Liability for Obvious Playground Fall Danger
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 6
Festival Policy Silences Annoying Preacher
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 5
Hidden Drowning Danger at Riverside Park Dam
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 4
Cliff Collapse Accidents Test Recreational Use Statutes
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 3
Park “Occupation” Protest Protected Speech or Camping?
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 2
Private Property Mineral Rights Under State Parks
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 1
2011
Job Offer Rescinded for Hearing-Impaired Lifeguard
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 12
Park Conversion Protection in LWCF Project Map
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 11
NEPA Challenge to Park Sharpshooters for Deer Control
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 10
Swim Event Agreement Indemnifies Cityճ Negligence
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sept. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 9
Vehicle Fees Impact Recreational Use Immunity
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, August 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 8
HIV Fears Block Admission to Camp
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 1
2010
2009
Reverse Discrimination Claim Against Park District
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 4
Copyright Claim for
Park Wildflower Display
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar. 2009 Vol. 44,
Iss.3.
2008
Camp Rafting Trips Unlicensed Commercial Activity
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.11.
ADA Obesity Impairment
Must Be Physiological
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.10.
Case of the State Park "Drowning Machine" *
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.4.
* case reversed on appeal see appeallate opinion attached to article
Director Fired After
Critical E-Mail
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Feb. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.2.
* judgment in favor of city affirmed on appeal see appeallate opinion attached to article
2007
Burning Ring of Fire
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.12.
Age Appropriate Playground Safety Guidelines
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar.. 2007.
Vol. 42, Iss.3.
Waiver for Disabled Teen Drowning
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.1.
2006
Gift of Park Land in Perpetuity
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.12.
Community Center "Dirty Dancing"
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.11.
Park Pot Hole Bike Fatality
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.9.
Preacher Too Loud for Commons
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jul 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.7.
"Pine Tree" Cell Tower in Park
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.6.
2005
Molester Park Ban Constitutional Process
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 12.
Park Fireworks Display
Injures Boy Weeks Later, Off Site
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 11.
.
Constitutional Fence for a Monumental Controversy?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 4
Recreation Safety Act Immunity Limited To Inherent Risks
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 3
Police Claim Authority to Ban Gambler from Park Indefinitely
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 2
ADA Requires Wheelchair Areas to Be Integrated Into General Seating
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jan 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 1
2004
Federal Law Prohibits Discrimination Against Citizen-Soldiers
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 12
Central Park Demonstration Might Destroy Great Lawn
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . NOV 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 11
“Sexual Addict” Banned From Parks After “Cruising” For Kids
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 10
State Fair Fails ADA Accessibility Test For Existing Facilities
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 9
Park Buy-A-Brick Fundraiser Hits A Constitutional Wall
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Aug 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 8
Religious Message Excluded From Christmas Displays In Park
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 7
Tough Breaks Are Just Part Of The Game
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 6
Eagles Ten Commandments Park Monument Fails ҌemonӠTest
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 5
Pine Tree Falls On Camper During Thunderstorm
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 4
Entrapment Danger In Playground Reported But Not Corrected
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 3
Trainer Fails To Report Head Injury Symptoms To Physician
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 2
Racing Dive Breaks Neck Of Fearful Novice Swimmer
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jan 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 1
2003
No Home For Homeschooling At The Rec Center
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 12
Pedophile Clown Brings His Act To Playland
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Nov 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 11
Expressway Project Drives Bikeway Funding Off The Roads Bill
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 10
Developers Challenge Fee For Parks & Recreation
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 9
State Bills Would Ban Public Competition With Private Business
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Aug 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 8
Coach Breaks Playerճ Arm Demonstrating Technique
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 7
Baseball Spectator Assumes Normal Risk Of Foul Ball Injury?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 6
Jogger Injured By Errant Shot From Park Golf Course
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 5
Sweet 16 Party At Rec. Center Ends In Fatal Parking Lot Shoot Out
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 4
Angry Hockey Dad Fights Five Year Ban From City Arena
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 3
Lake Tahoe Development Moratorium Passes Constitutional Test
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 2
“Invasion of Privacy” For Unauthorized Use Of Team Photo?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jan 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 1
2002
ADA Requires Daycare Program To Accommodate Autistic Child
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 12
Heirs Claim Undeveloped Park Parcel Under ҕse It Or Lose ItӠClause
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Nov 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 11
Supreme Court: Random Drug Testing Constitutional Without Identifiable Drug Problem
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 10
Duty To Follow Established Procedures To Warn Beachgoers Of Lightning Storms
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 9
County Dress Code Ruled Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Aug 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 8
Parking Lot Security Questioned In Rock Festival Mishap
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 7
Injured Little Leaguer Lost Fly Ball In The Setting Sun
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 2002. Vol. 37, Iss.
Is A Politically Correct Code Of Conduct Too Idealistic For The First Amendment?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 5
No Threat Of Unconstitutional Censorship In Park Permit Ordinance
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 4
Constitutional Test For Gender Discrimination In Public Facilities
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 3
"Unattended Structures" Ban Includes Nativity Scene On Town Green
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 2
Prescription Medication Policies Prompt ADA Claims
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jan 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 1
2001
"Pot Festival" Organizers Challenge City's Park Permit Ordinance
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 12
Highway Victim Blames Facility For Allowing "Safe Haven" For Alcohol Consumption
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Nov 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 11
Can Towns Restrict Public Park Access To Residents And Their Guests?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 10
Peripheral Rule Waiver Is Not "Fundamental Alteration" Under ADA
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 9
Bible Youth Group Excluded From School Open For Community Use
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Aug 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 8
Random Drug Testing Requires Identifiable Drug Abuse Problem
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 7
Lack Of Safety Information And Training Faulted In Cheerleading Injury
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 6
Challenged Dress Code Prohibited Clothing With Offensive Illustrations
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 5
Author Generally Owns Copyright Unless Employee Or "Work For Hire"
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 4
Unconstitutional Retaliation Against Employee's Free Speech?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 3
Toy Beach Buckets Entice Children To Play In Hazardous Surf
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 2
State Rejects KKK Application For Adopt-A-Highway Program
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jan 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 1
2000
Duty To Educate Youth About Risk Of Sexual Abuse By Voluteers
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 12
Combat Karate Class Illustrates ADA "Direct Threat" Exception
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Nov 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 11
Strict Attendance Policy For School Choir Prompts ADA Claim
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 10
First Amendment Dilemma: Civic Event Fund Discriminated Against Prayer Day
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 9
Protruding Floor Mat Tests "Open And Obvious Condition" Doctrine
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Aug 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 8
Junior Lifeguard Competition Participant Assumes Risk Of Injury
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 7
Establishment Clause Violation Persists Despite Sale of Park Statue
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 6
Pro Golferճ Cart Ғeasonable AccommodationӠunder ADA
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 5
Corrective Measures Relevant In Determining "Disability" Under ADA
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 4
Girl Banned From Privately Sponsored Boys Basketball Tournament
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 3
School Refuses To Post Ten Commandments Advertisement On Ballfield Fence
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 2
Court Upholds Juvenile Curfew Law
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jan 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 1
1999
Brother, Can You Spare A Dime? Panhandling In Public Parks And Places
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 12; P. 34 (5 Pages)
Sports Leagues Held Liable For Volunteer’s Attack On Coach
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Nov 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 11; P. 45 (5 Pages)
Recklessness Standard For Recreation Participants Reaffirmed
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 10; P. 42 (5 Pages)
Serpent Statue In City Park: Unconstitutional Religious Symbol?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 9; P. 50 (7 Pages)
Criminal Street Gang “Loitering” Statute Unconstitutionally Vague
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Aug 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 8; P. 36 (6 Pages)
Nude Recreation In Wildlife Area Neighborhood Nuisance?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 7; P. 40 (5 Pages)
County Designated
Center Island For Residents Only
(Warren v. Fairfax County "VACATED BY THE COURT")
James C.
Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun
1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 6; P. 46 (4 Pages)
Click to See
"COREECTED OPINION" in: Warren v. Fairfax County,
School's Alcohol-Abuse Policy Withstands Constitutional Challenge
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 5; P. 48 (6 Pages)
Enjoying Natural Environment Includes Risk Of Dangerous Insects
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 4; P. 48 (4 Pages)
Governmental Immunity & Liability For Wild Animal Attacks
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 3; P. 48 (7 Pages)
Constitutionality Of Drug Test Requirement For Athletes?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 2; P. 32 (8 Pages)
Latin Cross In Public Park Violates Federal And State Constitutions
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jan 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 1; P. 38 (7 Pages)
1998
Lifeguards Had No Training Or Policy For Dialing 911
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 12; P. 32 (5 Pages)
Limited Liability For Drowning In Undesignated Areas
Limited Liability For Drowning In Non‑Swimming Area Of Park
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Nov 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 11; P. 40 (6 Pages)
State High Court Upholds Waiver Signed By Parent
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 10; P. 40 (6 Pages)
City Failed To Prevent Sexual Harassment By Lifeguard Supervisors
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 9; P. 63 (6 Pages)
Hockey Puck “Facial” A Foreseeable Risk For Spectators?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Aug 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 8; P. 40 (5 Pages)
Sport League Fees: Exception To Recreational Use Statute Immunity?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 7; P. 46 (5 Pages)
Playground Supervision Liability: Opportunity To Prevent Injury?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 6; P. 44 (4 Pages)
Contact-Sport Exception Allows For Participant Negligence
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 5; P. 48 (5 Pages)
Duty To Instruct, Warn, & Demonstrate Unfamiliar Jumping Exercise
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 4; P. 54 (5 Pages)
White-Water Rafting Waivers Illustrate Expressed Assumption Of Risk
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 3; P. 48 (6 Pages)
Fee Exception To State Recreational Use Laws On Federal Sites
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Feb 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 2; P. 46 (5 Pages)
Dangerous Trees Pose A Foreseeable Risk Of Injury
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jan 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 1; P. 28 (5 Pages)
1997
Risk Of Injury In The Gymnasium
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Dec 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 12; P. 24 (6 Pages)
Is Playground Supervision Negligent For Failure To Witness Injury?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Nov 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 11; P. 36 (7 Pages)
Post-Injury Procedure: Medical Assistance And Liability
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 10; P. 40 (8 Pages)
Diver Down: Looking Before You Leap
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Sep 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 9; P. 48 (8 Pages)
Chosen Lightning Protection On Golf Course Must Be Properly Utilized
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jul 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 7; P. 46 (6 Pages)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Jun 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 6; P. 34 (7 Pages)
No Duty To Keep Premises Reasonably Safe For Adult Trespassers
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . May 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 5; P. 52 (6 Pages)
Spectators Assume Obvious Risks In Unprotected Areas Of Ballfield
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Apr 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 4; P. 46 (6 Pages)
Menorah In City Park : Unconstitutional Exception To Ban On Private Park Displays
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Mar 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 3; P. 40 (7 Pages)
Molestation Liability Examines Scope Of Employment & Foreseeability
James C.
Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb
1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 2; P. 36 (6 Pages)
Beach Fatality Tests
Public Recreation Immunity Statute
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 1; P. 34 (5 Pages)
1996
City Policy Ban On Religious Film In Senior Center Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 12; P. 33 (4 Pages)
Aggressive Play Inherent Risk In Non-Contact Football Class
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 11; P. 30 (4 Pages)
Former Lifeguards Claim City 's Workplace Abusive To Females
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 10; P. 44 (5 Pages)
Basketball Prayer Tradition Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 9; P. 41 (6 Pages)
Recreation Agencies Concerned About Child Labor Laws
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 8; P. 36 (7 Pages)
"Life Of The Community" Determines Legal Standard For Negligence Liability
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 7; P. 30 (5 Pages)
Overview Of Negligence Liability Principles In Recreation
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 6; P. 24 (4 Pages)
Limited Liability For Criminal Assaults In Park Facilities
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 5; P. 28 (4 Pages)
Lifeguard Supervision Liability In Review
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 4; P. 36 (6 Pages)
Liability Waivers And Releases Overview: Can You Say "Exculpatory Agreement"?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 3; P. 30 (5 Pages)
Landowner Duty: Assure Premises No More Dangerous Than It Appears To Be
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 2; P. 34 (6 Pages)
Sports Coach & Physical Activity Instructors Legal Duties Of Care In Review
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 1; P. 26
1995
Mere Program Sponsorship Promoting Physical Activity Insufficient Control To Trigger Liability
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 12; P. 24
KKK Cross On Capitol Square Not State Endorsement Of Religion
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 11; P. 20
Endangered Species Act Regulates Critical Habitat Modification On Private Land
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 10; P. 26
Gay Pride Message Not Accommodated In City Parade Organized By Private Association
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 9; P. 28
Motorcyclist Claims First Amendment Right To Ride Through County Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 8; P. 25 (4 Pages)
Ethnic Group Denied Permit To Erect Statue Of Political Figure In Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 7; P. 20 (6 Pages)
Denial Of Permit To Develop Coastal Wetland, An Unconstitutional Taking?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 6; P. 20 (5 Pages)
Private Property Bill More Demanding Than Constitution
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 5; P. 16 (5 Pages)
Outdoor Recreation Planning & Coordination
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 4; P. 28 (4 Pages)
Intoxicated Trespasser Drowns In Closed City Pool
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 3; P. 36 (4 Pages)
ADA Regulations Require Detailed Self-Evaluation Of Accessibility
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 2; P. 14 (5 Pages)
Psychological Injury Not Required For Sexual Harassment In "Abusive Work Environment"
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 1; p. 22
1994
First Female in Football Program Claims Negligent Failure to Warn Of Risks
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 12; p. 20 (4 pages)
Rope Swing in Park Presents Obvious Risk of Fall
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 11
ADA Requires Integration, Prohibits Stereotyped Segregation of Disabled
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 10
Constitutional Greenway Dedication Requires "Rough Proportionality" to Development's Impact
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 9
Land & Water Conservation Fund Act Blocks Conversion of Scenic Easement to Golf Course
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 8
Park Regulations Unconstitutional As Applied To Political Protestor
James C.
Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul
1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 7
League Policy Banning Coach In Wheelchair From Sidelines Violated ADA
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 6
Compensation For Condemned Land Not Devalued By Park Dedication
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 5
Risk Obvious In Prohibited Jetty Dive Despite Lifeguard's Acquiescence
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 4
Krishnas Challenge Park Service Regs Banning Solicitation & Sales On Mall
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 3
Environmental Challenge To Federal Highway Project Through Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 2
NRPA Brief Urges "Market" Value Inappropriate For Dedicated Parkland
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 1
1993
Park Service Noise Regulation Unconstitutionally Applied To War Protest
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 12
Clean Water Act Permit Ignored Adverse Impacts On Park Environment
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 11
Standard For Sports Participants Debated: Recklessness Or Negligence?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 10
Authorized Public Recreation May Legally Compete With Private Facilities
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 9
Gun Club Lead Shot "Hazardous Waste" For Environmental Cleanup Law
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 8
Playground Safety, The Next Generation, Hazard Patterns
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 7
Endangered Sea Turtles Protected During City Beach Restoration
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 6
Adequacy Of Spectator Protection In Danger Zone A Jury Issue
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 5
Playground Safety Maintenance Guidelines, The Next Generation
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 4
Equestrians Allege Park Horseback Riding Regulation Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 3
Travel & Tourism Publication Fails To Investigate Accuracy Of Information
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 2
Ordinance Prohibiting Nighttime Loitering in City Park Constitutional
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 1
1992
No Duty To Warn Of Obvious Risk Of Golfing In Lightning Storm
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 12
Who Are Americans With Disabilities Under Federal Civil Rights Law?
James C.
Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov
1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 11
Constitutional Dire
Straits For Public Ban On Private Beach Building
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 10
Playground Liability For Exposed Concrete Footing Under Monkey Bars In State Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 9
City Park Tower Of Power Rocks Trespassing Teen's Top Forty Climb
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 8
OSHA Rule Applies To Ocean Lifeguard Position & Mouth-To-Mouth Resuscitation Task
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 7
Rainwater Accumulated In Closed City Pool Raises Attractive Nuisance Risk
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 6
Waiver in City-Sponsored Triathlon Bike Race not Against Public Policy
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 5; p. 14 (6 pages)
Control Test Defines Independent Contractor or Employee Sports Official
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 4; p. 22 (5 pages)
Swimming Pool not "Attractive Nuisance" in Teen Trespasser Diving Injury
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 3; p. 26 (5 pages)
Federal Counsel Responds to NRPA , Clarifies Copyright Music Public Park Exemption
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 2; p. 14 (7 pages)
Coaches Delay Emergency Treatment for Player Suffering Heat Stress
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 1; p. 26 (5 pages)
1991
Radio Music Copyright Liability--Private Home or Commercial Sound System?
James C.
Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec
1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 12; p. 14
Music Theater Denied Not-For-Profit, Fair Use Copyright Exemptions
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 11; p. 24
Day Camp Supervisor Liable for Log Rolling Fatality in City Park
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 10; p. 16
Misleading Signage and Dense Foliage Mask Sixty Foot Cliff Near Picnic Area
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 9; p. 42
Softball Player Signed Official Team Roster Containing Liability Release
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 8; p. 20
Sunbather Gives City the Shirt off Her Back to Test Nudity Ban in Parks
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 7; p. 24
Failure to Warn of Temperature in Hot Springs Negates Recreational Use Immunity
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 6; p. 20
Golfer's Bad Shots Shatter Windshield of Passing Motorist
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 5; p. 24
PTA Magic Show Waiver Signed Minor and Parent Enforceable, if Clear
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 4; p. 14
Alleged Policy Ban on Lake Rescues Unconstitutional Deprivation of Life
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 3; p. 20
Unsigned Bulkhead Creates "Illusion of Safety" for Diving
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 2; p. 22
Organized Sports Participant Standard Applied to Informal Game
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 1; p. 22
1990
Swimming Area Management Questioned Following Alligator Attack
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 12; p. 12
Subdivision Approval Required Land Or Fee For Parks & Recreation
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 11
Insect Sting & Bite Liability: A Limited Duty for Landowners
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 10; p. 24
Injured Softball Player Alleges Anchored Base Is Unreasonably Dangerous
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 9; p. 24
Massachusetts and Arizona Test Scope of Recreational Use Statute
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 8; p. 18
Religious Freedom Constitutional Challenge to Sports Program Rule
James C.
Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul
1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 7; p. 23
Constitution Requires Prompt Judicial Review of Park Permit Denial
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 6; p. 20
Does the Constitution Protect Nude Bathing at a Public Beach ?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 5; p. 16
Public Playground Injuries Test Recreational Use Statute
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 4; p. 18
Fall from Park District Slide onto Asphalt Fatal to Handicapped Youth
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 3; p. 24
Do Park Rangers Have Duty to Take Intoxicated Driver into Custody?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 2; p. 20
Hole in Park District Fence Prompts $5 Million Judgement
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 1; p. 17
1989
Burning the American Flag: Political Protest with Constitutional Protection
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 12; p. 17
Youth Suffocates After Inhaling Balloon Helium from Unattended Tanks
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 11; p. 19
Constitution Bans Religious Effect in Public Holiday Displays
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 10; p. 20
Regulating Constitutionally Protected Symbolic Speech in Parks
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 9; p. 22
Fitness Factor in Fun Run Fatality
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 8; p. 14
Marina Drowning on Leased Premises in Hydro Project
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 7; p. 18
Playground Supervision Questioned in Eye Injury Cases
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 6; p. 16
City Park Security Questioned in Restroom Shooting
James C.
Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May
1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 5; p. 22
Wrestling Class Sparks
Battle of the Expert Witnesses
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 4; p. 16
Playground Rape by Ex-Convict Employee
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 3; p. 18
Roughhousing Causes Injury in Guarded Lake
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 2; p. 12
Does U.S. Flood Control Immunity Include Reservoir Recreation?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 1; p. 22
1988
Handicapped Athlete Fatally Injured Enroute to Gym
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 12; p. 14
Proposed Federal Volunteer Protection Act: Form or Substance?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 11; p. 12
In Search of the Adequate Warning Sign: Communication Is the Key
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 10; p. 20
A Common Sense View of
Liability
A Reasonable Perspective On Recreational Injury Liability
James C.
Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep
1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 9; p. 56
Causation, Assumed Risk, and a Failure to Warn in Sports Suits
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 9; p. 18
Child's Eye Injury an Assumed Risk in Paper Clip Fight?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 8; p. 18
Swimmer Breaks Neck Practicing Shallow Water Racing Dive
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 7; p. 18
Motorist Drowns in Retention Pond Adjacent to Highway
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 6; p. 16
Validity of Liability Release Signed by Parent and Minor Gymnast
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 5; p. 18
Softball Spectator Struck by Errant Warmup Ball
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 4; p. 25
Playground Supervision Questioned in Restaurant Injury
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 3; p. 20
Do Association Standards Impose Legal Duty on NRPA ?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 2; p. 16
Can Rec Use Defense Cover Volunteers Maintaining Trails?
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jan 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 1; p. 26
1987
Illinois decision
holds asphalt under slide obvious danger. (Alop
decision)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Dec 1987 v22 n12 p14(6)
Government lifeguards negligent
in Arkansas pool drowning. (Williams vs. United States)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Nov 1987 v22 n11 p15(7)
Swing set injury on
federal site tests rec use defense.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Oct 1987 v22 p18(6)
Are you familiar with
the public playground safety guidelines?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Sept 1987 v22 p16(7)
Unimproved land
immunity in cliff fall. (
McCauley v. City of San Diego)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation August 1987 v22 p13(6)
Park service defends
rope swing injury case.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation July 1987 v22 p18(5)
Rough sledding on Park
District hill.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation June 8, 1987 v22 p12(6)
NPS fails to warn
diver of submerged rock.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation May 1987 v22 p15(4)
Must university
prevent camper's alcohol consumption on field trip?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation April 1987 v22 p24(5)
A "cut and
paste" of model rec use law to include public.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation March 1987 v22 p22(6)
California and Florida
recreational use statutes don't apply to public entities.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Feb 1987 v22 p16(6)
Must landowner protect
"mooning" reveler from himself?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Jan 1987 v22 p30(4)
1986
Racquet and health club recent supervision and waiver cases.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Dec 1986 v21 p16(4)
WI, NJ, & LA, limit public rec use immunity to "true
outdoors."
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Nov 1986 v21 p18(4)
Rec use law applies to
public land in NY, NE, ID, OH, & WA.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Oct 1986 v21 p22(4)
Baseball duty to
provide protective screening for spectators.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Sept 1986 v21 p22(5)
Notice of vicious
propensities determines animal liability.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation August 1986 v21 p8(3)
Minnesota bill provides limited public recreational immunity.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation July 1986
v21 p20(4)
President's commission examines public recreation on private lands.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation June 1986
v21 p16(4)
Golf course liability
for injury to adjacent homeowner.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation May 1986 v21 p24(2)
Illinois immunity for negligent supervision of public recreation.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation April 1986
v21 p28(3)
Athletic field fence in disrepair costs $80K to "fix."
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1986 v21 p23(4)
Intoxicated youth
leaves park, hits cyclist who sues county.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Feb 1986 v21 p62(4)
No ordinary negligence
liability under recreational immunity statutes.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Jan 1986 v21 p20(5)
1985
Written supervision
standard not followed in golf mishap.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Dec 1985 v20 p20(4)
A case of lifeguard law from the Old Dominion.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Nov 1985 v20 p20(3)
Municipal liability on other side of hole in city fence?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Oct 1985 v20 p30(5)
Referee malpractice, hard driving volunteer, & pygmy palm
interference.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation August 1985 v20 p26(4)
A Christmas carol in
the park from the Supremes.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation June 1985 v20 p16(6)
Unauthorized use of the term "Olympic"; much ado about nothing?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation May 1985 v20 p26(6)
The Restaurant in
Central Park; a diversion case study.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation April 1985 v20 p34(5)
Retention pond
drowning case studies.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation
March 1985 v20 p38(6)
High risk recreation product liability case study.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Feb 1985
v20 p22(4)
Walt's World in litigation land. (Walt Disney World Co. personal injury
cases)
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Jan 1985 v20 p28(6)
1984
Let's get physical
with fitting RPLR exercise suits.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks
& Recreation Dec 1984 v19 p20(5)
Parental liability for a child's injury-causing conduct.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Nov 1984 v19 p16(5)
Halloween treats from the RPLR bag of tricks.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Oct 1984 v19 p30(3)
Barrel bomb on pad 25 and "J.R." the bull launch lawsuits.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Sept 1984
v19 p30(5)
Reasonable emergency procedures for those in distress.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation August 1984
v19 p28(4)
Ask "Have there been any water slide cases?"
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation July 1984
v19 p23(4)
Jungle act featured in RPLR road show.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation June 1984
v19 p28(4)
Fans catch more than baseball fever.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation May 1984 v19 p30(7)
Runner-up decisions in RPLR swim suit
competition.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation April 1984
v19 p33(4)
Floor hockey risk factors evident in school cases.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1984
v19 p20(5)
Negligence liability for third party assaults during recreational activities.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Feb 1984
v19 p34(4)
Two cases of "crack-the-whip" playground liability.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Jan 1984 v19 p28(3)
1983
1984 law reporter to focus on recreation injury suits.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Nov 1983 v18 p21(5)
Failing to fill a two-foot hole prompts $23,000 judgment.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Oct 1983 v18 p22(4)
Liability for injury causing conditions in parks.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Sept 1983
v18 p28(5)
"Recklessness" liability for sports participants.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation August 1983
v18 p29(3)
Do entry fees increase liability?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation July 1983
v18 p19(5)
Urban land immunity.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation June 1983
v18 p23(2)
Racquetball compensation.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation June 1983
v18 p25(2)
Employer liability for sexual harassment in the workplace.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation April 1983
v18 p24(6)
New federal law
enlivens copyright controversy.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation March 1983 v17 p20(3)
Public recreation
liability under 1976 copyright law uncertain.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation March 1983 v17 p30(3)
Senate bill would expand conservation tax credits.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Feb 1983 v18 p16(2)
Introductory products liability for recreational equipment.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Feb 1983 v18 p22(6)
1982
Municipal competition with
private enterprise must satisfy public purpose test.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Dec 1982 v17 p18(5)
Local governments must now contend with threat of federal antitrust liability.
Jim Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Dec 1982 v17 p8(2)
Section 1983 civil rights liability for public park and recreation
agencies.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Nov 1982 v17 p24(4)
Senate bills would limit liability under civil rights statute.
Jim Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Nov 1982 v17 p16(4)
Statutes dictate
public contracting requirements.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Oct 1982 v17 p28(7)
GAO recommends national park entrance fee increase.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Oct 1982 v17 p12(3)
Legal literacy:
self-help training for recreation advocates. (editorial)
Parks & Recreation Sept 1982 v17 p42(1)
Mandatory dedication for public parks: some critical factors.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Sept 1982 v17 p29(6)
Supreme Court lowers
standard for "appropriate education" of handicapped.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation Sept 1982 v17 p20(5)
Suing the United States for injuries on Federal recreation sites.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation August 1982 v17 p17(3)
State law authorizes taxation for municipal park development.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation July 1982 v17 p21(3)
Courts frown on
liability release agreements.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation June 1982 v17 p48(4)
Surplus federal
property for parks program in review.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks &
Recreation May 1982 v17 p32(5)
Handicapped AthletesՠԑualifiedՠRight to Participate
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation April 1982
Validity of
nonresident and other discriminatory regulations in municipal recreation.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1982 v17 p28(4)
Equal employment
opportunity regulations govern validity of personnel selection standards.
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Feb 1982 v17 p18(4)
State licensing
may regulate leisure therapy-counseling.
Jim Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Jan 1982 v17 p22(3)