Kozlowski Law Review Columns 1982-Present
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Articles listed below have appeared in Parks & Recreation magazine,

the official publication of the National Recreation and Park Association. 

https://www.nrpa.org/parks-recreation-magazine/


COPYRIGHT NOTICE

 

2024

 

Youth Sports Concussion Awareness Policy Violation

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 6

 

Promenade Commuter Challenges Recreational Use Immunity

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 5

 

Urban Parks Tradition of Firearm Regulation

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 4

 

Fired Parks Worker Claims Racial Discrimination

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 3

 

Citizen Opposition to Cell Tower Lease in City Park

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 2

 

“Dangerous Condition” Security Liability for Park Shooting?

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2024 Vol. 58, Iss. 1

 

2023

 

Premises Liability Requires Unreasonably Dangerous Condition

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 12

 

Uncertain Firearm Tradition in Nation’s Parks

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 11

 

Historical Tradition of Firearm Regulation in Public Parks

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 10

 

Supreme Court “Wetlands” Standard under Clean Water Act

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 9

 

Disorganized Lifeguard Response in Lake Drowning

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 8

 

Concrete Bench Adjacent to Pickleball Court

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 7

 

Park Permits for Sound Amplification & Religious Events

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 6

 

History Justifies “Gun Free” Public Park Resources?

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 5

 

“Philly Jesus” Handcuffed at Love Park Christmas Festival

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 4

 

“Black Lives Matter” Murals Stir Constitutional Controversy

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 3

 

Bicycle Trail Alternative to Historic Bridge Demolition

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 2

 

“Anti-Gay” Singer Issued Park Trespass Warning

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2023 Vol. 57, Iss. 1

 

2022

 

Constitutionality of Filmmaking Regulations in National Parks

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 12

 

Environmental Review of Chicago Park Obama Center

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 11

 

Soccer Camp Game Segregated Youth by Race/Ethnicity

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 10

 

Retaliation after Gender Discrimination Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 9

 

Recreational Use Immunity for Dangerous Sledding Hill

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 8

 

Youth Soccer Coach Arrest Police Immunity

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, July 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 7

 

Park District Age Discrimination Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, June 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 6

 

Forest Preserve Gun Ban Second Amendment Challenge

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 5

 

Confederate Flag Removed from City Christmas Parade

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 4

 

Service Dog Beach Ban ADA Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 3

 

Youth Baseball Disability Discrimination Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 2

 

Public Golf Course Volunteers Minimum Wage Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2022 Vol. 56, Iss. 1

 

2021

 

COVID Emergency Order Park Protest Arrests

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 12

 

Ordinance Prohibits Bare Female Breasts in Public

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 11

 

Park Land Sale Contract for Shopping Center

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 10

 

Terminated Parks Employee Retaliation Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 9

 

Standing to Challenge Obama Center in Chicago Park

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 8

 

Park Homeless Encampment Closure During COVID Pandemic

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 7

 

ADA Challenge to Segregation of Program Participant

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 6

 

Environmental Review of State Park Highway Widening

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 5

 

Due Process Notice for COVID Sweeps at Homeless Encampment

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 4

 

Day Camp Suspension for Disabled Participant's Threats

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 3

 

Homeless Encampment "Sweeps" in Parks During COVID

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 2  

 

Covid Emergency Order Regulated Park Protest

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2021 Vol. 55, Iss. 1  

 

2020

 

Premises Liability for Fall on Trump Operated Ice Rink

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 12  

 

Citizen Activism Can Preserve LWCF Funded Park Resources

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 11 

 

COVID-19 Emergency Orders Restricted "Individual Liberties"

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 10  

 

Park Law Enforcement Civil Rights Claims

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 9 

 

Informal "Comp Time" Process Prompts Sex Discrimination Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 8  

 

NEPA Process for Deer Management at National Seashore

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 7  

 

First Amendment Challenge to City Festival Ordinances

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 6 

 

Reconsidering the Spectator Protection "Baseball Rule"

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 5 

 

Fired Parks Employee Claims Retaliation In Violation of ADA

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 4 

 

City Lifeguard Videotaped Women in Staff Changing Room

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 3 

 

Employment Due Process Under Zero Tolerance Drug Policy

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 2  

 

Policy Immunity Challenged in Hazardous Tree Deaths

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2020 Vol. 54, Iss. 1 

 

2019

 

Gender & Age Discrimination Claim in Park Promotion

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 12 

 

 ADA Accommodation Claim by Terminated Recreation Employee

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 11 

 

 ADA Claim to Allow Emotional Support Hog in Parks

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 10

 

Longstanding Historic Cross Constitutional Challenge

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 9

 

Overtime Work Racial Discrimination Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 8

 

Camping Ordinance Criminalized Homeless Status

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 7

 

Gun Show in Park Rental Facility Not "Family Entertainment"

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 6

 

Certified Playground Safety Inspector Accident Review

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 5

 

Crude Racist Skit Tests First Amendment

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 4

 

Claustrophobic Workplace ADA Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 3

 

Shallow Water Diving Injury Contributory Negligence

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 2

 

City Restricted Park Food Sharing With Homeless

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2019 Vol. 53, Iss. 1

 

2018

 

Former Parks Director Claims Overtime Pay Under FLSA

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation Dec 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 12

 

""Courtesy Hours" for Off-Leash Dogs in Public Parks

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation Nov 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 11

 

Championship Time Standards Disqualify Disabled Athletes

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation Oct 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 10

 

Recreational Immunity - Contrasting Bicycle Opinions 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation Sep 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 9

 

Common Lake Organism Fatal to Park Visitor

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation Aug 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 8

 

Governmental Immunity for Park Security Policy

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 7

 

Park Purpose Challenge to Wireless Communications Facility

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 6

 

Standing to Challenge Removal of Confederate Park Monuments

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 5

 

City Farmer's Market Vendor Religious Freedom Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 4

 

Limited Duty Applicable to Overdose Cardiac Arrest

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 3

 

Public Park Dedication Evident in LWCF Grant

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 2

 

Rope Swing Landowner Liability and Immunity

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2018 Vol. 52, Iss. 1

 

 

2017

 

Adverse Possession Claims in Park Land

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 12

 

Park Permit for Location-Based "Pokmon Go" Games 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 11

 

Content-Based Park Permit Decisions Unconstitutional 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 10

 

State Playground Program Disqualified Religious Organizations 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 9

 

ADA Accessibility Rules for Alterations of Existing Facilities

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 8

 

Crash on Challenging Mountain Bike Trail

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 7

 

Criminal Background Checks for Youth Sport Coaches

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 6

 

Transportation Planning Must Mitigate Park Impacts

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 5

 

Park Permit for Commercial Wedding Photos 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 4

 

Gun Permitees Challenge Park Firearm Regulations

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 3

 

Head Shots Just Part of the Game 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 2

 

Inaugural Parade Regulations Constitutional Challenge

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2017 Vol. 51, Iss. 1

 

2016

 

Fateful Dive into "Closed" Park Pond Pool

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 12

 

Age Discrimination Claim by Beach Patrol Chief

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 11

 

"Hold Harmless" Incentive in Recreational Use Statute

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 10

 

Economic Development Ongoing Threat to LWCF Legacy

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 9

 

Rectal Syringe Unreasonable ADA Accommodation

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 8

 

Recreational Use Statutes in State Supreme Courts

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 7

 

Legal Relationship Shapes AED Use Requirement

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 6

 

Turf Field Cancer Risk Environmental Review

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 5

 

Governmental Immunity for Deadly Mountain Goat

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 4

 

Gun Rights Tested in Parks and Public Spaces

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 3

 

Physician Nixes Post-Injury Return to Football

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 2

 

Downtown Panhandling Ordinance Unconstitutional

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan. 2016 Vol. 50, Iss. 1

 

 

2015

 

Park Ban on Unattended Holiday Displays

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 12

 

Transgender Discrimination in Male Locker Room

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 11

 

Women Busted for Bare Breasts in Public, Not Men

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 10

 

Competitive Bidding “Fairness” Concession Contract

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 9

 

Natural Condition Immunity for Campsite Tree Injury

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 8

 

Troubled Triathlete Expelled from Recreation Program

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 7

 

Public Trust Challenge to Private Park Museum

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 6

 

 Lower Liability Standard for Coaches During Competition

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 5

 

No Liability Precedent in State Park Settlement

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 4

 

 Park Playground Ban on Adults Unaccompanied by Children

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 3

 

 Pretrial Summary Judgment Dismisses Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 2

 

       Residency Policy Racial Discrimination Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan. 2015 Vol. 49, Iss. 1

 

 

2014

 

      Safety Feature Standard Practice in Sport?

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 12

 

      Bible Believers Target Arab Festival 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 11

 

 Concussion Training Lacking in Federal Civil Rights Claim

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 10

 

Keep Your Eye on the Baseball Rule

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 9

 

 Neutral Park Curfew Ordinance Constitutional

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 8

  

 Leash Law Violator Tased and Confused

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 7

 

 Federal Flood Control Immunity Slippery When Wet

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 6

 

 Fingertips Removed by Playground Chain 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 5

 

Parks Administration Back Disability ADA Claims 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 4

 

Recreational Immunity for Topsoil Debris Dumped in Park

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 3

 

National Lakeshore Residents Resist Tree Removal

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb. 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 2

 

Website Invitation to “Dangerous” Park

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan. 2014 Vol. 48, Iss. 1

 

2013

 

No Liability for Independent Contractor Negligence

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 12

 

 Traditional Immunity for Local Parks

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 11

 

No Warning of Nuisance Bear Threat to Campers

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 10

 

Park Hours Prohibited Overnight Occupation

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sep. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 9 

 

NEPA Review of Fracking Leases on Public Lands

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 8

 

Administration of Emergency Seizure Medication Discontinued 

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 7

 

 Pavilion Restaurant Questionable Ґark PurposeӼ/span>

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 6

 

Majority "Baseball Rule" Limits Spectator Liability 

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 5

 

Blind Paintballers Disability Discrimination Claim 

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 4

 

Park User Challenges Outdoor Public Smoking Ban 

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 3

 

Park Arrest for Flamboyant Ballet Exercise

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 2

 

Assumption of Risk for Observable Ballfield Defects

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan. 2013 Vol. 48, Iss. 1

 

2012

 

Bible Distribution Regulated at Gay Pride Festival

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 12

 

State Park Mineral Exploration in LWCF Project

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 11

 

Obvious Tree Hazard on Park Sledding Hill 

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 10

 

ADA Claimants Must be Qualified for Swim Programs

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sept. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 9

 

Did City Ballfield Permits Favor Religious Schools? 

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Aug 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 8

 

Supervision Faulted in City Camping Trip Fatality

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jul 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 7

 

No Liability for Obvious Playground Fall Danger 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jun 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 6

 

Festival Policy Silences Annoying Preacher  

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, May 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 5

 

Hidden Drowning Danger at Riverside Park Dam 

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Apr. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 4

 

Cliff Collapse Accidents Test Recreational Use Statutes

 James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Mar. 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 3

 

Park “Occupation” Protest Protected Speech or Camping?  

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Feb 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 2

 

Private Property Mineral Rights Under State Parks

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Jan 2012 Vol. 47, Iss. 1

 

 

2011

 

 Job Offer Rescinded for Hearing-Impaired Lifeguard 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Dec. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 12

 

  Park Conversion Protection in LWCF Project Map 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Nov. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 11

 

NEPA Challenge to Park Sharpshooters for Deer Control

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Oct. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 10

 

Swim Event Agreement Indemnifies Cityճ Negligence 

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, Sept. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 9

 

Vehicle Fees Impact Recreational Use Immunity

James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation, August 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 8

 

  Golf Lease Consistent with Public Purpose Gift?
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. July 2011 Vol. 46, Isss. 7


  Liability for Open S-Hook on Playground Swing 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. June 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 6

 

Flood Control Immunity in Recreation Evaporating 
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. May 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 5


Right to Bear Arms Limited in "Sensitive" Public  Facilities 
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Apr. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 4


Camp "Cleanup" Makes Homeless Status Criminal 
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Mar. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 3


Cardiac 911 Call, No CPR, No Liability 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Feb. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 2


HIV Fears Block Admission to Camp 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2011 Vol. 46, Iss. 1


2010


Free Speech T Shirt Sales at Park District Zoo 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 12


Municipal Immunity for Failed 911 Surf Rescue 
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Nov. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 11


Public Land Swap Preserves War Memorial Cross 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 10


  
State Immunity Laws Limit Public Playrgound Liability
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Sep. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 9


Legal Duty Requires Control of Injury Causing Condition
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Aug. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 8


 ADA Claim After Recreation Center Assault 
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Jul. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 7


Pool Pass Confiscated for "Lurking" Around Children
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 6

 

 Unpaid Student Interns Under the Fair Labor Standards Act
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. May. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 5


Beach Park Refuses "Alarming" Pamphlet Display
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr.. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 4


Golf Development Park Lease Environmental Review 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar.. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 3

 

 Park Garbage Bag Competitive Bid Contract
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Feb.. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 2

 Park Police Pregnancy Discrimination Claim 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan.. 2010 Vol. 45, Iss. 1

2009

Fatal Bear Attacks Test Immunity Laws 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec.. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 12


Tradition and Trends in Parent/Child Waivers 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 11


Political Reversal on National Park Gun Ban 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 10


Skateboarding Immunity Laws Limit Liability 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 9


 Transsexual Advantage in Women's Competition? 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 8


Supervised Field Trip Permission Slip 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jul. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 7


Government Controls Donated Park Monument Message 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 6


Park Closed to Registered Sex Offenders 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. May 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 5

 

 Reverse Discrimination Claim Against Park District 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss. 4

Copyright Claim for Park Wildflower Display 
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Mar. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss.3.

 

Park Ordinance Targets Feeding the Homeless 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Feb.. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss.2.

 

Video Surveillance Unreasonable Search in Locker Room 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2009 Vol. 44, Iss.1.

 

2008

 

 Park Concessionaire Restaurant Trademark 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2008 Vol. 43, Iss.12.

 

Camp Rafting Trips Unlicensed Commercial Activity 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.11.


ADA Obesity Impairment Must Be Physiological 
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Oct. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.10.


 Family Medical Leave for Grandparent Contested 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.9.


 Fear Drives Non-Wood Baseball Bat Controversy 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug... 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.8.


Safety Review Not Specified in Contract
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Jul.. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.7.

 

  Riverwalk Bridge Obscured Neighbor's View
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.6.


Field Use Policy Favored Residents
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. May. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.5.


Case of the State Park "Drowning Machine" *
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.4.

* case reversed  on appeal see appeallate opinion attached to article


Blanket Agreements License Government Music
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar.. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.3.


  
Director Fired After Critical E-Mail
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Feb. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.2.

* judgment in favor of city affirmed on appeal see appeallate opinion attached to article


Equity in Latino Neighborhood Parks Questioned
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2008. Vol. 43, Iss.1.


2007

Burning Ring of Fire
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.12.


Entrapment Hazard in Pool Drains
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.11.


AED "Heart Shock Box" Whereabouts Unknown
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.10.

Track Champs Pointless for Wheelchairs
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.9.


Lead Paint Playground Hazard Evidence 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.8.


Unpermitted Park Literature Distribution
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jul.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.7.


Commercial Waiver Signed by Parent
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.6.


Park Visitor Trespasser After Dark
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. May.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.5.

 

New Yankee Stadium Replaces Parkland
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Apr.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.4.


Age Appropriate Playground Safety Guidelines
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.3.


Unwritten Park Trespass Policy Unconstitutional
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Feb.. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.2.

 

Waiver for Disabled Teen Drowning
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2007. Vol. 42, Iss.1.

 

2006

 

Gift of Park Land in Perpetuity 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.12.

 

Community Center "Dirty Dancing" 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Nov. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.11.

  

Cardboard Homeless Shelter in Park
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Oct 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.10.

  

Park Pot Hole Bike Fatality
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Sep 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.9.


Recreation Supervisor Gender Discrimination
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Aug 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.8.


Preacher Too Loud for Commons
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jul 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.7.

 

"Pine Tree" Cell Tower in Park
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jun 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.6.


"Right of Publicity" in Park Promo Media
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. May. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.5.


Free Speech and Public/Private Events 
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Apr. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.4.


Parkland Protection "Paramount Importance" 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Mar. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss.3.


Waterfront Revitalization Condemns Homes
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Feb. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss. 2.


Spectator Injury Outside the Stands
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Jan. 2006. Vol. 41, Iss. 1.


2005


Molester Park Ban Constitutional Process
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation. Dec. 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 12.

Park Fireworks Display Injures Boy Weeks Later, Off Site
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Nov 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 11.


Club Refuses To Modify League Rules for Disabled Competitor
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Oct 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 10.


Supreme Court Split on Public Display of Ten Commandments
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Sep 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 9.


Unguarded Beach Appeared to be Designated Swimming Area
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Aug 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 8. 

 


Special Event Fee Left Too Much Discretion To Licensing Official
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Jul 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 7.


City Responds Appropriately to Sexual Harassment Claim
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Jun 2005. Vol. 40, Iss. 6.

 

Dancing Teen Dies After Being Run Over By Parade Float
James C. Kozlowski, Parks & Recreation. May 2005. 
Vol. 40, Iss. 5

Constitutional Fence for a Monumental Controversy?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 4

 

Recreation Safety Act Immunity Limited To Inherent Risks

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 3

 

Police Claim Authority to Ban Gambler from Park Indefinitely

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Feb 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 2

 

ADA Requires Wheelchair Areas to Be Integrated Into General Seating

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jan 2005. Vol. 40, Iss . 1

 

2004

 

Federal Law Prohibits Discrimination Against Citizen-Soldiers

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Dec 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 12

 

Central Park Demonstration Might Destroy Great Lawn

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    NOV 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 11

 

 

“Sexual Addict” Banned From Parks After “Cruising” For Kids

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation . Oct 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 10

 

State Fair Fails ADA Accessibility Test For Existing Facilities

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Sep 2004. Vol. 39, Iss . 9

 

Park Buy-A-Brick Fundraiser Hits A Constitutional Wall

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Aug 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 8

 

Religious Message Excluded From Christmas Displays In Park

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jul 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 7

 

Tough Breaks Are Just Part Of The Game

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jun 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 6

 

Eagles Ten Commandments Park Monument Fails ҌemonӠTest

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    May 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 5

 

Pine Tree Falls On Camper During Thunderstorm

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 4

 

Entrapment Danger In Playground Reported But Not Corrected

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 3

Trainer Fails To Report Head Injury Symptoms To Physician

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Feb 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 2

 

Racing Dive Breaks Neck Of Fearful Novice Swimmer

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jan 2004. Vol. 39, Iss. 1

 

2003

 

No Home For Homeschooling At The Rec Center

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Dec 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 12

 

Pedophile Clown Brings His Act To Playland

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Nov 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 11

 

Expressway Project Drives Bikeway Funding Off The Roads Bill

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Oct 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 10

 

Developers Challenge Fee For Parks & Recreation

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .   Sep 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 9

 

State Bills Would Ban Public Competition With Private Business

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Aug 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 8

 

Coach Breaks Playerճ Arm Demonstrating Technique

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jul 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 7

 

Baseball Spectator Assumes Normal Risk Of Foul Ball Injury?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jun 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 6

 

Jogger Injured By Errant Shot From Park Golf Course

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    May 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 5

 

Sweet 16 Party At Rec. Center Ends In Fatal Parking Lot Shoot Out

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 4

 

Angry Hockey Dad Fights Five Year Ban From City Arena

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 3

 

Lake Tahoe Development Moratorium Passes Constitutional Test

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Feb 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 2

 

“Invasion of Privacy” For Unauthorized Use Of Team Photo?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jan 2003. Vol. 38, Iss. 1

 

2002

 

ADA Requires Daycare Program To Accommodate Autistic Child

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Dec 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 12

 

Heirs Claim Undeveloped Park Parcel Under ҕse It Or Lose ItӠClause

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Nov 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 11

 

Supreme Court: Random Drug Testing Constitutional Without Identifiable Drug Problem

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Oct 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 10

 

Duty To Follow Established Procedures To Warn Beachgoers Of Lightning Storms

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Sep 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 9

 

County Dress Code Ruled Unconstitutional

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Aug 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 8

 

Parking Lot Security Questioned In Rock Festival Mishap

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .   Jul 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 7

 

Injured Little Leaguer Lost Fly Ball In The Setting Sun

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jun 2002. Vol. 37, Iss.

 

Is A Politically Correct Code Of Conduct Too Idealistic For The First Amendment?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    May 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 5

 

No Threat Of Unconstitutional Censorship In Park Permit Ordinance

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 4

 

 

Constitutional Test For Gender Discrimination In Public Facilities

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 3

 

"Unattended Structures" Ban Includes Nativity Scene On Town Green

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Feb 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 2

 

Prescription Medication Policies Prompt ADA Claims

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jan 2002. Vol. 37, Iss. 1

 

2001

 

"Pot Festival" Organizers Challenge City's Park Permit Ordinance

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Dec 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 12

 

Highway Victim Blames Facility For Allowing "Safe Haven" For Alcohol Consumption

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Nov 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 11

 

Can Towns Restrict Public Park Access To Residents And Their Guests?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Oct 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 10

 

Peripheral Rule Waiver Is Not "Fundamental Alteration" Under ADA

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Sep 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 9

 

Bible Youth Group Excluded From School Open For Community Use

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Aug 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 8

 

Random Drug Testing Requires Identifiable Drug Abuse Problem

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jul 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 7

 

Lack Of Safety Information And Training Faulted In Cheerleading Injury

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jun 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 6

 

Challenged Dress Code Prohibited Clothing With Offensive Illustrations

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    May 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 5

 

Author Generally Owns Copyright Unless Employee Or "Work For Hire"

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 4 

 

Unconstitutional Retaliation Against Employee's Free Speech?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 3

 

Toy Beach Buckets Entice Children To Play In Hazardous Surf

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Feb 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 2

 

State Rejects KKK Application For Adopt-A-Highway Program

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jan 2001. Vol. 36, Iss. 1

 

2000

 

Duty To Educate Youth About Risk Of Sexual Abuse By Voluteers

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Dec 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 12

 

Combat Karate Class Illustrates ADA "Direct Threat" Exception

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Nov 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 11

 

Strict Attendance Policy For School Choir Prompts ADA Claim

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Oct 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 10

 

First Amendment Dilemma: Civic Event Fund Discriminated Against Prayer Day

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Sep 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 9

 

Protruding Floor Mat Tests "Open And Obvious Condition" Doctrine

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Aug 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 8

 

Junior Lifeguard Competition Participant Assumes Risk Of Injury

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jul 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 7

 

Establishment Clause Violation Persists Despite Sale of Park Statue

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jun 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 6

 

 

Pro Golferճ Cart Ғeasonable AccommodationӠunder ADA

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    May 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 5

 

Corrective Measures Relevant In Determining "Disability" Under ADA

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 4

 

Girl Banned From Privately Sponsored Boys Basketball Tournament

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 3

 

School Refuses To Post Ten Commandments Advertisement On Ballfield Fence

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Feb 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 2

 

Court Upholds Juvenile Curfew Law

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jan 2000. Vol. 35, Iss . 1

 

1999

 

Brother, Can You Spare A Dime? Panhandling In Public Parks And Places

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 12; P. 34 (5 Pages)

 

Sports Leagues Held Liable For Volunteer’s Attack On Coach

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 11; P. 45 (5 Pages)

 

Recklessness Standard For Recreation Participants Reaffirmed

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 10; P. 42 (5 Pages)

 

Serpent Statue In City Park: Unconstitutional Religious Symbol?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 9; P. 50 (7 Pages)

 

Criminal Street Gang “Loitering” Statute Unconstitutionally Vague

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 8; P. 36 (6 Pages)

 

Nude Recreation In Wildlife Area Neighborhood Nuisance?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 7; P. 40 (5 Pages)

 

County Designated Center Island For Residents Only 
(Warren v. Fairfax County "VACATED BY THE COURT")
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 6; P. 46 (4 Pages)
Click to See "COREECTED OPINION" in: Warren v. Fairfax County, 

 

School's Alcohol-Abuse Policy Withstands Constitutional Challenge

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    May 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 5; P. 48 (6 Pages)

 

Enjoying Natural Environment Includes Risk Of Dangerous Insects

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 4; P. 48 (4 Pages)

 

Governmental Immunity & Liability For Wild Animal Attacks

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 3; P. 48 (7 Pages)

 

Constitutionality Of Drug Test Requirement For Athletes?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 2; P. 32 (8 Pages)

 

Latin Cross In Public Park Violates Federal And State Constitutions

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1999. Vol. 34, Iss . 1; P. 38 (7 Pages)

 

1998

 

Lifeguards Had No Training Or Policy For Dialing 911

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 12; P. 32 (5 Pages)

 

Limited Liability For Drowning In Undesignated Areas

Limited Liability For Drowning In Non‑Swimming Area Of Park

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 11; P. 40 (6 Pages)

 

State High Court Upholds Waiver Signed By Parent

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 10; P. 40 (6 Pages)

 

City Failed To Prevent Sexual Harassment By Lifeguard Supervisors

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 9; P. 63 (6 Pages)

 

Hockey Puck “Facial” A Foreseeable Risk For Spectators?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 8; P. 40 (5 Pages)

 

Sport League Fees: Exception To Recreational Use Statute Immunity?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 7; P. 46 (5 Pages)

 

Playground Supervision Liability: Opportunity To Prevent Injury?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 6; P. 44 (4 Pages)

 

Contact-Sport Exception Allows For Participant Negligence

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    May 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 5; P. 48 (5 Pages)

 

Duty To Instruct, Warn, & Demonstrate Unfamiliar Jumping Exercise

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 4; P. 54 (5 Pages)

 

White-Water Rafting Waivers Illustrate Expressed Assumption Of Risk

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 3; P. 48 (6 Pages)

 

 

Fee Exception To    State Recreational Use Laws On Federal Sites

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 2; P. 46 (5 Pages)

 

Dangerous Trees Pose A Foreseeable Risk Of Injury

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1998. Vol. 33, Iss . 1; P. 28 (5 Pages)

 

1997

 

Risk Of Injury In The Gymnasium

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 12; P. 24 (6 Pages)

 

Is Playground Supervision Negligent For Failure To Witness Injury?

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 11; P. 36 (7 Pages)

 

Post-Injury Procedure: Medical Assistance And Liability

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 10; P. 40 (8 Pages)

 

Diver Down: Looking Before You Leap

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 9; P. 48 (8 Pages)


Martial Arts Participants Do Not Assume Increased Risk of Injury
James C. Kozlowski. 
Parks & Recreation. Aug 1997 Vol. 32, Iss. 8

 

Chosen Lightning Protection On Golf Course Must Be Properly Utilized

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 7; P. 46 (6 Pages)

 

Volunteer Protection Bills Offer "Carrot And Stick" To States To Enact Federal "Feel Good" Tort Reform

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 6; P. 34 (7 Pages)

 

No Duty To Keep Premises Reasonably Safe For Adult Trespassers

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    May 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 5; P. 52 (6 Pages)

 

Spectators Assume Obvious Risks In Unprotected Areas Of Ballfield

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 4; P. 46 (6 Pages)

 

Menorah In City Park : Unconstitutional Exception To Ban On Private Park Displays

James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 3; P. 40 (7 Pages)

 

Molestation Liability Examines Scope Of Employment & Foreseeability

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 2; P. 36 (6 Pages)

Beach Fatality Tests Public Recreation Immunity Statute

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1997. Vol. 32, Iss . 1; P. 34 (5 Pages)

 

1996

 

City Policy Ban On Religious Film In Senior Center Unconstitutional

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 12; P. 33 (4 Pages)

 

Aggressive Play Inherent Risk In Non-Contact Football Class

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 11; P. 30 (4 Pages)

 

Former Lifeguards Claim City 's Workplace Abusive To Females

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 10; P. 44 (5 Pages)

 

Basketball Prayer Tradition Unconstitutional

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 9; P. 41 (6 Pages)

 

Recreation Agencies Concerned About Child Labor Laws

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 8; P. 36 (7 Pages)

 

"Life Of The Community" Determines Legal Standard For Negligence Liability

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 7; P. 30 (5 Pages)

 

Overview Of Negligence Liability Principles In Recreation

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 6; P. 24 (4 Pages)

 

Limited Liability For Criminal Assaults In Park Facilities

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    May 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 5; P. 28 (4 Pages)

 

Lifeguard Supervision Liability In Review

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 4; P. 36 (6 Pages)

 

Liability Waivers And Releases Overview: Can You Say "Exculpatory Agreement"?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 3; P. 30 (5 Pages)

 

Landowner Duty: Assure Premises No More Dangerous Than It Appears To Be

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 2; P. 34 (6 Pages)

 

Sports Coach & Physical Activity Instructors Legal Duties Of Care In Review

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1996. Vol. 31, Iss . 1; P. 26

 

1995

 

Mere Program Sponsorship Promoting Physical Activity Insufficient Control To Trigger Liability

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 12; P. 24

 

KKK Cross On Capitol Square Not State Endorsement Of Religion

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 11; P. 20

 

Endangered Species Act Regulates Critical Habitat Modification On Private Land

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 10; P. 26

 

Gay Pride Message Not Accommodated In City Parade Organized By Private Association

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 9; P. 28

 

Motorcyclist Claims First Amendment Right To Ride Through County Park

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 8; P. 25 (4 Pages)

 

Ethnic Group Denied Permit To Erect Statue Of Political Figure In Park

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 7; P. 20 (6 Pages)

 

Denial Of Permit To Develop Coastal Wetland, An Unconstitutional Taking?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 6; P. 20 (5 Pages)

 

Private Property Bill More Demanding Than Constitution

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    May 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 5; P. 16 (5 Pages)

 

Outdoor Recreation Planning & Coordination

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 4; P. 28 (4 Pages)

 

Intoxicated Trespasser Drowns In Closed City Pool

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 3; P. 36 (4 Pages)

 

ADA Regulations Require Detailed Self-Evaluation Of Accessibility

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 2; P. 14 (5 Pages)

 

Psychological Injury Not Required For Sexual Harassment In "Abusive Work Environment"

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1995. Vol. 30, Iss . 1; p. 22

 

1994

 

First Female in Football Program Claims Negligent Failure to Warn Of Risks

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 12; p. 20 (4 pages)

 

Rope Swing in Park Presents Obvious Risk of Fall

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 11


ADA Requires Integration, Prohibits Stereotyped Segregation of Disabled

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 10

 

Constitutional Greenway Dedication Requires "Rough Proportionality" to Development's Impact

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 9

 

Land & Water Conservation Fund Act Blocks Conversion of Scenic Easement to Golf Course

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 8

 

Park Regulations Unconstitutional As Applied To Political Protestor

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 7

League Policy Banning Coach In Wheelchair From Sidelines Violated ADA

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 6

 

Compensation For Condemned Land Not Devalued By Park Dedication

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    May 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 5

 

Risk Obvious In Prohibited Jetty Dive Despite Lifeguard's Acquiescence

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 4

 

Krishnas Challenge Park Service Regs Banning Solicitation & Sales On Mall

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 3

 

Environmental  Challenge To Federal Highway Project Through Park

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 2

 

NRPA Brief  Urges    "Market" Value   Inappropriate For Dedicated Parkland

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1994. Vol. 29, Iss . 1

 

1993

 

Park Service Noise Regulation Unconstitutionally Applied To War Protest

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Dec 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 12

 

Clean Water Act Permit Ignored Adverse Impacts On Park Environment

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Nov 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 11

 

Standard For Sports Participants Debated: Recklessness Or Negligence?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Oct 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 10

 

Authorized Public Recreation May Legally Compete With Private Facilities

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Sep 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 9

 

Gun Club Lead Shot "Hazardous Waste" For Environmental Cleanup Law

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Aug 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 8

 

Playground Safety, The Next Generation, Hazard Patterns

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jul 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 7

 

Endangered Sea Turtles Protected During City Beach Restoration

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Jun 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 6

 

Adequacy Of Spectator Protection In Danger Zone A Jury Issue

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . May 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 5

 

Playground Safety Maintenance Guidelines, The Next Generation

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 4

 

Equestrians Allege Park Horseback Riding Regulation Unconstitutional

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Mar 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 3

 

Travel & Tourism Publication Fails To Investigate Accuracy Of Information

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Feb 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 2

 

Ordinance Prohibiting Nighttime Loitering in City Park Constitutional

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1993. Vol. 28, Iss . 1

 

 

1992

 

No Duty To Warn Of Obvious   Risk Of    Golfing    In Lightning Storm

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 12

 

Who Are Americans With Disabilities Under Federal Civil Rights Law?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 11

Constitutional Dire Straits For Public Ban On Private Beach Building

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 10

 

Playground Liability For Exposed Concrete Footing Under Monkey Bars In State Park

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 9

 

City Park Tower Of Power Rocks Trespassing Teen's Top Forty Climb

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 8

 

OSHA Rule Applies To Ocean Lifeguard Position & Mouth-To-Mouth Resuscitation Task

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 7

 

Rainwater Accumulated In Closed City Pool Raises Attractive Nuisance Risk

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 6

 

Waiver in City-Sponsored Triathlon Bike Race not Against Public Policy

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    May 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 5; p. 14 (6 pages)

 

Control Test Defines Independent Contractor or Employee Sports Official

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 4; p. 22 (5 pages)

 

Swimming Pool not "Attractive Nuisance" in Teen Trespasser Diving Injury

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 3; p. 26 (5 pages)

 

Federal Counsel Responds to NRPA , Clarifies Copyright Music Public Park Exemption

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 2; p. 14 (7 pages)

 

Coaches Delay Emergency Treatment for Player Suffering Heat Stress

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1992. Vol. 27, Iss . 1; p. 26 (5 pages)

 

1991

 

Radio Music Copyright Liability--Private Home or Commercial Sound System?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 12; p. 14

 

Music Theater Denied Not-For-Profit, Fair Use Copyright Exemptions

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 11; p. 24

 

Day Camp Supervisor Liable for Log Rolling Fatality in City Park

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 10; p. 16

 

Misleading Signage and Dense Foliage Mask Sixty Foot Cliff Near Picnic Area

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 9; p. 42

 

Softball Player Signed Official Team Roster Containing Liability Release

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 8; p. 20

 

Sunbather Gives City the Shirt off Her Back to Test Nudity Ban in Parks

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 7; p. 24

 

Failure to Warn of Temperature in Hot Springs Negates Recreational Use Immunity

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 6; p. 20

 

Golfer's Bad Shots Shatter Windshield of Passing Motorist

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    May 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 5; p. 24

 

PTA Magic Show Waiver Signed Minor and Parent Enforceable, if Clear

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 4; p. 14

 

Alleged Policy Ban on Lake Rescues Unconstitutional Deprivation of Life

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 3; p. 20

 

Unsigned Bulkhead Creates "Illusion of Safety" for Diving

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 2; p. 22

 

Organized Sports Participant Standard Applied to Informal Game

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1991. Vol. 26, Iss . 1; p. 22

 

1990

 

Swimming Area Management Questioned Following Alligator Attack

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 12; p. 12

 

Subdivision Approval Required Land Or Fee For Parks & Recreation

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 11

 

Insect Sting & Bite Liability: A Limited Duty for Landowners

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 10; p. 24

 

Injured Softball Player Alleges Anchored Base Is Unreasonably Dangerous

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 9; p. 24

 

Massachusetts and Arizona Test Scope of Recreational Use Statute

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 8; p. 18

 

Religious Freedom Constitutional Challenge to Sports Program Rule

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 7; p. 23

 

Constitution Requires Prompt Judicial Review of Park Permit Denial

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 6; p. 20

 

Does the Constitution Protect Nude Bathing at a Public Beach ?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    May 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 5; p. 16

 

Public Playground Injuries Test Recreational Use Statute

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 4; p. 18

 

Fall from Park District Slide onto Asphalt Fatal to Handicapped Youth

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 3; p. 24

 

Do Park Rangers Have Duty to Take Intoxicated Driver into Custody?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 2; p. 20

 

Hole in Park District Fence Prompts $5 Million Judgement

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1990. Vol. 25, Iss . 1; p. 17

 

1989

 

Burning the American Flag: Political Protest with Constitutional Protection

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 12; p. 17

 

Youth Suffocates After Inhaling Balloon Helium from Unattended Tanks

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 11; p. 19

 

Constitution Bans Religious Effect in Public Holiday Displays

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 10; p. 20

 

Regulating Constitutionally Protected Symbolic Speech in Parks

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 9; p. 22

 

Fitness Factor in Fun Run Fatality

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 8; p. 14

 

Marina Drowning on Leased Premises in Hydro Project

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 7; p. 18

 

Playground Supervision Questioned in Eye Injury Cases

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 6; p. 16

 

City Park Security Questioned in Restroom Shooting

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    May 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 5; p. 22

Wrestling Class Sparks Battle of the Expert Witnesses

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Apr 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 4; p. 16

 

Playground Rape by Ex-Convict Employee

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 3; p. 18

 

Roughhousing Causes Injury in Guarded Lake

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 2; p. 12

 

Does U.S. Flood Control Immunity Include Reservoir Recreation?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1989. Vol. 24, Iss . 1; p. 22

 

1988

 

Handicapped Athlete Fatally Injured Enroute to Gym

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Dec 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 12; p. 14

 

Proposed Federal Volunteer Protection Act: Form or Substance?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Nov 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 11; p. 12

 

In Search of the Adequate Warning Sign: Communication Is the Key

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Oct 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 10; p. 20

 

A Common Sense View of Liability
A Reasonable Perspective On Recreational Injury Liability
James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 9; p. 56

 

Causation, Assumed Risk, and a Failure to Warn in Sports Suits

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Sep 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 9; p. 18

 

Child's Eye Injury an Assumed Risk in Paper Clip Fight?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Aug 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 8; p. 18

 

Swimmer Breaks Neck Practicing Shallow Water Racing Dive

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jul 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 7; p. 18

 

Motorist Drowns in Retention Pond Adjacent to Highway

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jun 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 6; p. 16

 

Validity of Liability Release Signed by Parent and Minor Gymnast

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    May 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 5; p. 18

 

Softball Spectator Struck by Errant Warmup Ball

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation . Apr 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 4; p. 25

 

Playground Supervision Questioned in Restaurant Injury

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Mar 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 3; p. 20

 

Do Association Standards Impose Legal Duty on NRPA ?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Feb 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 2; p. 16

 

Can Rec Use Defense Cover Volunteers Maintaining Trails?

James C. Kozlowski Parks & Recreation .    Jan 1988. Vol. 23, Iss . 1; p. 26


1987


Illinois decision holds asphalt under slide obvious danger. (Alop decision) 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Dec 1987 v22 n12 p14(6)
 

Government lifeguards negligent in Arkansas pool drowning. (Williams vs. United States) 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Nov 1987 v22 n11 p15(7)
 

Swing set injury on federal site tests rec use defense. 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Oct 1987 v22 p18(6)
 

Are you familiar with the public playground safety guidelines? 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Sept 1987 v22 p16(7)
 

Unimproved land immunity in cliff fall. ( McCauley v. City of San Diego) 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation August 1987 v22 p13(6)
 

Park service defends rope swing injury case. 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation July 1987 v22 p18(5)
 

Rough sledding on Park District hill. 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation June 8, 1987 v22 p12(6)
 

NPS fails to warn diver of submerged rock. 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation May 1987 v22 p15(4)

Must university prevent camper's alcohol consumption on field trip? 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation April 1987 v22 p24(5)
 

A "cut and paste" of model rec use law to include public. 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation March 1987 v22 p22(6)
 

California and Florida recreational use statutes don't apply to public entities. 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Feb 1987 v22 p16(6)
 

Must landowner protect "mooning" reveler from himself? 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & Recreation Jan 1987 v22 p30(4)

1986


Racquet and health club recent supervision and waiver cases. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Dec 1986 v21 p16(4) 

WI, NJ, & LA, limit public rec use immunity to "true outdoors." 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Nov 1986 v21 p18(4) 

Rec use law applies to public land in NY, NE, ID, OH, & WA.
James C. Kozlowski.   Parks & Recreation Oct 1986 v21 p22(4) 


Baseball duty to provide protective screening for spectators. 
James C. Kozlowski.   Parks & Recreation Sept 1986 v21 p22(5) 


Notice of vicious propensities determines animal liability. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation August 1986 v21 p8(3) 


Minnesota bill provides limited public recreational immunity. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation July 1986 v21 p20(4) 

President's commission examines public recreation on private lands. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation June 1986 v21 p16(4) 

Golf course liability for injury to adjacent homeowner. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation May 1986 v21 p24(2) 


Illinois immunity for negligent supervision of public recreation. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation April 1986 v21 p28(3) 

Athletic field fence in disrepair costs $80K to "fix."
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation March 1986 v21 p23(4)

Intoxicated youth leaves park, hits cyclist who sues county. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Feb 1986 v21 p62(4) 


No ordinary negligence liability under recreational immunity statutes.
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Jan 1986 v21 p20(5)
 

1985

Written supervision standard not followed in golf mishap. 
James C. Kozlowski.   Parks & Recreation Dec 1985 v20 p20(4)

A case of lifeguard law from the Old Dominion. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Nov 1985 v20 p20(3)

Municipal liability on other side of hole in city fence? 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Oct 1985 v20 p30(5)

Referee malpractice, hard driving volunteer, & pygmy palm interference. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation August 1985 v20 p26(4)

A Christmas carol in the park from the Supremes. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation June 1985 v20 p16(6) 


Unauthorized use of the term "Olympic"; much ado about nothing? 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation May 1985 v20 p26(6)

The Restaurant in Central Park; a diversion case study. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation April 1985 v20 p34(5)
 

Retention pond drowning case studies. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation March 1985 v20 p38(6) 

High risk recreation product liability case study. 
James C. Kozlowski.   Parks & Recreation Feb 1985 v20 p22(4) 

Walt's World in litigation land. (Walt Disney World Co. personal injury cases) 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Jan 1985 v20 p28(6) 

1984

Let's get physical with fitting RPLR exercise suits.
James C. Kozlowski.   Parks & Recreation Dec 1984 v19 p20(5) 

Parental liability for a child's injury-causing conduct. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Nov 1984 v19 p16(5) 

Halloween treats from the RPLR bag of tricks. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Oct 1984 v19 p30(3) 

Barrel bomb on pad 25 and "J.R." the bull launch lawsuits. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Sept 1984 v19 p30(5) 

Reasonable emergency procedures for those in distress. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation August 1984 v19 p28(4) 

Ask "Have there been any water slide cases?" 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation July 1984 v19 p23(4) 
   
Jungle act featured in RPLR road show.
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation June 1984 v19 p28(4) 

Fans catch more than baseball fever. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation May 1984 v19 p30(7) 
   
Runner-up decisions in RPLR swim suit competition. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation April 1984 v19 p33(4) 
   
Floor hockey risk factors evident in school cases. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation March 1984 v19 p20(5) 
   
Negligence liability for third party assaults during recreational activities.
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Feb 1984 v19 p34(4) 
   
Two cases of "crack-the-whip" playground liability. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Jan 1984 v19 p28(3) 

1983

1984 law reporter to focus on recreation injury suits. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Nov 1983 v18 p21(5) 
   
Failing to fill a two-foot hole prompts $23,000 judgment. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Oct 1983 v18 p22(4) 
   
Liability for injury causing conditions in parks. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Sept 1983 v18 p28(5) 
   
"Recklessness" liability for sports participants. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation August 1983 v18 p29(3) 

Do entry fees increase liability? 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation July 1983 v18 p19(5) 

Urban land immunity. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation June 1983 v18 p23(2) 

Racquetball compensation. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation June 1983 v18 p25(2) 

Employer liability for sexual harassment in the workplace. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation April 1983 v18 p24(6) 
   
New federal law enlivens copyright controversy.
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation March 1983 v17 p20(3) 


Public recreation liability under 1976 copyright law uncertain. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation March 1983 v17 p30(3) 


Senate bill would expand conservation tax credits. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Feb 1983 v18 p16(2) 

Introductory products liability for recreational equipment. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Feb 1983 v18 p22(6) 

1982

Municipal competition with private enterprise must satisfy public purpose test. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Dec 1982 v17 p18(5)
 

Local governments must now contend with threat of federal antitrust liability.
Jim Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Dec 1982 v17 p8(2)

Section 1983 civil rights liability for public park and recreation agencies. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Nov 1982 v17 p24(4)

Senate bills would limit liability under civil rights statute. 
Jim Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Nov 1982 v17 p16(4)

Statutes dictate public contracting requirements. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Oct 1982 v17 p28(7)
 

GAO recommends national park entrance fee increase. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Oct 1982 v17 p12(3)

Legal literacy: self-help training for recreation advocates. (editorial
      Parks & Recreation Sept 1982 v17 
p42(1)
 

Mandatory dedication for public parks: some critical factors. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Sept 1982 v17 p29(6)

Supreme Court lowers standard for "appropriate education" of handicapped. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Sept 1982 v17 p20(5)
 

Suing the United States for injuries on Federal recreation sites. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation August 1982 v17 p17(3)

State law authorizes taxation for municipal park development. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation July 1982 v17 p21(3)

Courts frown on liability release agreements.  
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation June 1982 v17 p48(4)
 

Surplus federal property for parks program in review. 
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation May 1982 v17 p32(5)


Leasing public facilities to private concerns: some legal checkpoints. 
James C. Kozlowski. Parks & recreation  May 1982 v17 p 58-61.

 

Handicapped AthletesՠԑualifiedՠRight to Participate

James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation April 1982 

Validity of nonresident and other discriminatory regulations in municipal recreation.

 James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation March 1982 v17 p28(4)


Equal employment opportunity regulations govern validity of personnel selection standards.
James C. Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Feb 1982 v17 p18(4)


State licensing may regulate leisure therapy-counseling. 
Jim Kozlowski.  Parks & Recreation Jan 1982 v17 p22(3)