Spanish Empire- The Aztec Campaign 1.1

Figure 1-1 At its height, the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan was as populous as Europe's largest city. As can be seen from this map, it spread in concentric circles, with the main religious and political buildings in the center, and residences radiating outward. (Tigno. 96)

The Aztecs were the most advanced society in Mexico during the 16th century. As the empire of Mesoamerica, the Aztecs were increasingly expanding into the surrounding regions to defeat other tribes. Conquest was an essential part of society as rival tribes were brought under submission by force.  Economic development through annual tribute of subjugated tribes was essential to carrying out the task of expanding Aztec rule. Captured prisoners of war were either used as labor or ritual sacrifices in order to please the gods of the land.

Figure 1-2 As the city was built on immense island, its outskirts connected a mosaic of floating gardens producing food for urban markets. Canals constantly irrigated the land, waste was used as fertilizer, and the tremendously high yields were easily transported to markets. Observe how entire households worked: men, women and children all had roles in Aztec agriculture. (Tignor. 96)

Aztec society was highly centralized and operated in a very orderly fashion. Every individual had an occupation in which they performed to their very best. Specialization of labor increased efficiency and produced more goods and services for Aztec society as a whole. Some were warriors, others were craftsmen, engineers, and farmers. Religion and duty to land and emperor alike played an essential role in the life of the Indian.

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