Garraty A., John, and Robert McCaughey. The American Nation: A History of the United States . New York: Harper and Row, 1987.
Zinn, Howard. A People's History of the United States: 1492-Present. .000.New York: HarperCollins, 1999.
*Online documents were also used including speeches by:
- William T. Sherman "Special Field Order No. 15"
- "Confiscation" by Carl Benson
- The testimony of Colonel Whittlesley
- A testimony of Samuel Thomas before Congress in 1865