Edwin K. Schneider

Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences

206 Research Hall, Mail Stop 2B3

George Mason University

Fairfax VA 22030

 

Office phone: (703) 993-5364

Email:              eschnei1@gmu.edu

 

Education:

 

1976                                        Ph.D. - Applied Physics, Harvard University

Thesis (completed January, 1975): The Hadley Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere. Advisor Prof. Richard S. Lindzen.

1973                                        M.S. - Applied Physics, Harvard University

1970                                        A.B. - (cum laude) Mathematics, Harvard College

 

Professional positions:

 

Chair, Department of Atmospheric, Oceanic and Earth Sciences (2015- ), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.

 

University Professor (2014- ), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.

 

Professor of Climate Dynamics (2002-2014), George Mason University, Fairfax, VA.

 

Senior Research Scientist (1993- ), Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies (COLA/IGES 1993-2015), COLA/George Mason Univerity, Fairfax, VA (2015- ).

 

Executive Editor Climate Dynamics (2004-2016).

Prior to joining COLA in 1993 at its formation as a Center in the private non-profit Institutue for Global Environment and Society, I was a Postdoctoral Research Associate at MIT working under Prof. Jule Charney (1974-1977); NATO Postdoctoral Fellow at the University of Reading (1977-1978); Research Fellow (1978-1981) and Research Associate (1981) at Harvard; Principal Research Scientist at MIT (1981); and Associate Research Scientist (1984-1990) and Senior Research Scientist (1990-1993) at COLA (Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Interactions)/University of Maryland College Park.


Refereed Publications:

Schneider, E. K. and R. S. Lindzen, 1976: A discussion of the parameterization of momentum exchange by cumulus convection. J. Geophys. Res., 81, 3158-3160.

 

Schneider, E. K. and R. S. Lindzen, 1976: The influence of stable stratification on the thermally driven tropical boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1301-1307. Corrigendum, J. Atmos. Sci., 33, 1827.

 

Schneider, E. K. and R. S. Lindzen, 1977: Axially symmetric steady state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part I: Linearized calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 263-279.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1977: Axially symmetric steady state models of the basic state for instability and climate studies. Part II: Nonlinear calculations. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 280-292.

 

Schneider, E. K. and R. S. Lindzen, 1980: Comments on `cumulus friction: Estimated influence on the tropical mean meridional circulation.' J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 2803-2806.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1981: On the amplitudes reached by baroclinically unstable disturbances. J. Atmos. Sci., 38, 2142-2149.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1983: Martian great dust storms: Interpretive axially symmetric models. ICARUS, 55, 302-331.

 

Goswami, B. N., J. Shukla, E. K. Schneider, and Y. C. Sud, 1983: Study of the dynamics of the intertropical convergence zone with a symmetric version of the GLAS climate model. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 5-19.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1984: Response of the annual and zonal mean winds and temperatures to variation in the heat and momentum sources. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1093-1115.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1984: Some minimization calculations concerning the effect of horizontal eddy momentum fluxes on the equilibrium zonal mean motion. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 1640-1647.

 

Schneider, E. K. and I. G. Watterson, 1984: Stationary Rossby wave propagation through easterly layers. J. Atmos. Sci., 41, 2069-2083.

 

Watterson, I. G. and E. K. Schneider, 1987: The effect of the Hadley circulation on the meridional propagation of stationary waves. Quart. J. Roy. Met. Soc., 113, 779-813.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1987: A simplified model of the modified Hadley circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 3311-3328.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1987: An inconsistency in vertical discretization in some atmospheric models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 115, 2166-2169.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1988: A formulation for diagnostic anomaly model. PAGEOPH, 126, 137-140.

 

Kinter III, J. L., J. Shukla, L. Marx, and E. K. Schneider, 1988: A simulation of the winter and summer circulations with the NMC global spectral model. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 2486-2522.

 

Sato, N., P. J. Sellers, D. A. Randall, E. K. Schneider, J. Shukla, J. L. Kinter III, Y.-T. Hou, and E. Albertazzi, 1989: Effects of implementing the simple biosphere model (SiB) in a general circulation model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 2757-2782.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1989: A method for direct solution of a steady linearized spectral general circulation model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 2137-2141.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1990: Linear diagnosis of stationary waves in GCM. J. Atmos. Sci., 47, 2925‑2952.

 

Fennessy, M. J., J. L. Kinter III, B. Kirtman, L. Marx, S. Nigam, E. K. Schneider, J. Shukla, D. Straus, A. Vernekar, Y. Xue, and J. Zhou, 1994: The Simulated Indian Monsoon: A GCM Sensitivity Study. J. Climate, 7, 33-43.

 

Schneider, E. K. and J. L. Kinter III, 1994: An examination of internally generated variability in long climate simulations. Climate Dyn., 10, 181-204.

 

Lindzen, R. S., B. Kirtman, D. Kirk-Davidoff, and E. K. Schneider, 1995: Seasonal surrogates for climate. J. Climate, 8, 1681-1684.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. Huang, and J. Shukla, 1995: Ocean wave dynamics and El Ni–o. J. Climate, 8, 2415-2439.

 

Huang, B. and E. K. Schneider, 1995: The response of an ocean general circulation model to surface wind stress produced by an atmospheric general circulation model. Mon. Wea. Rev. 123, 3059-3085.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1996: Flux correction and the simulation of changing climate. Annales Geophysicae, 14, 336-341.

 

Kirtman, B. P. and  E. K. Schneider, 1996: Model based estimates of equatorial zonal wind stress. J. Climate, 9, 1077-1091.

 

DeWitt, D. G., E. K. Schneider, and A. D. Vernekar, 1996: Factors determining the precipitation distribution and low-level flow in the tropics of an atmospheric general circulation model: Diagnostic studies. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2247-2263.

 

Kirtman, B. P., J. Shukla, B. Huang, Z. Zhu, and E. K. Schneider, 1997: Multiseasonal predictions with a coupled tropical ocean global atmosphere system. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 789-808.

 

Schneider, E. K., Z. Zhu, B. S. Giese, B. Huang, B. P. Kirtman, J. Shukla, and J. A. Carton, 1997: Annual cycle and ENSO in a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 680-702.

 

Zhu, Z. and E. K. Schneider, 1997: Improvement in stratosphere and upper-troposphere simulation with a hybrid isentropic-sigma coordinate GCM.. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 123, 2095-2113.

 

Schneider, E. K., R. S. Lindzen, and B. P. Kirtman, 1997: A tropical influence on global climate. J. Atmos. Sci., 54, 1349-1358.

 

Latif, M., D. Anderson, T. Barnett, M. Cane, R. Kleeman, A. Leetmaa, J. OÕBrien, A. Rosati, and E. Schneider, 1998: A review of the predictability and prediction of ENSO. J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,375-14394.

 

Schneider, E. K. and Z. Zhu, 1998: Sensitivity of the Simulated Annual Cycle of Sea Surface Temperature in the Equatorial Pacific to Sunlight Penetration. J. Climate, 11, 1932-1950.

 

DeWitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider, 1999: The processes determining the annual cycle of equatorial sea surface temperature: A coupled general circulation model perspective. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 381-395.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. P. Kirtman, and R. S. Lindzen, 1999: Upper tropospheric water vapor and climate sensitivity. J. Atmos. Sci., 56, 1649-1658.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. Huang, Z. Zhu, D. G. DeWitt, J. L. Kinter III, B. Kirtman, and J. Shukla, 1999: Ocean data assimilation, initialization, and predictions of ENSO with a coupled GCM. Mon. Wea. Rev., 127, 1187-1207.

 

Shukla, J, J. L. Kinter III, E. K. Schneider and D. M. Straus, 1999: Modelling of the Climate System. Climate Change: An Integrated Perspective. Martens, P. and J. Rotmans (eds.). Open University, Heerlen, NL.

 

DeWitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider, 2000: The tropical ocean response to a change in orbital forcing. J. Climate, 13, 1133-1149.

 

Schneider, E. K. and U. S. Bhatt, 2000: A dissipation integral with application to ocean diffusivities and structure. J. Phys. Oceanogr., 30, 1158-1171.

 

Covey, C., A. Abe-Ouchi, G. J. Boer, G. M. Flato, B. A. Boville, G. A., Meehl, U. Cubasch, E. Roeckner, H. Gordon, E. Guilyardi, L. Terray, X. Jiang, R. Miller, G. Russell, T. C. Johns, H. Le Treut, L. Fairhead, G. Madec, A. Noda, S. B. Power, E. K. Schneider, R. J. Stouffer, and J.-S. von Storch, 2000: The seasonal cycle in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. Climate Dyn., 16, 775-787.

 

Kirtman, B. P. and E. K. Schneider, 2000: A spontaneously generated atmospheric general circulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 57, 2080-2093.

 

Schneider, E. K., 2001: Articles on Hadley Circulation, Walker Circulation, ITCZ, and Trade Winds. Encyclopedia of Global Environmental Change. Volume I: The Earth system: physical and chemical dimensions of global environmental change. MacCracken, M. C. and J. S. Perry (eds.). Wiley, London, in press.

 

Wajsowicz, R. C. and E. K. Schneider, 2001: The Indonesian throughflowÕs effect on global climate determined from the COLA coupled climate system. J. Climate, 14, 3029-3042.

 

Blackmon, M., B. Boville, F. Bryan, R. Dickinson, P. Gent, J. Kiehl, R. Moritz, D. Randall, J. Shukla, S. Solomon, G. Bonan, S. Doney, I. Fung, J. Hack, E. Hunke, J. Hurrell, J. Kutzbach, J. Meehl, B. Otto-Bliesner, R. Saravanan, E. K. Schneider, L. Sloan, M. Spall, K. Taylor, J. Tribbia, and W. Washington, 2001: The Community Climate System Model. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 82, 2357-2376.

 

Zhu, Z., E. K. Schneider, and B. Huang, 2001: Experimental ENSO predictions with a CGCM: A comparison of two different approaches. Dynamics of Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulations and Climate. Eds: Wang and Huang, China Meteorological Press, Bejing, China, 819-840.

 

Schneider, E. K., 2001: The Causes of Differences Between Equatorial Pacific SST Simulations of Two Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models. J. Climate, 15, 449-469.

 

Kirtman, B. P., Y. Fan and E. K. Schneider, 2002: The COLA global coupled and anomaly coupled ocean-atmosphere GCM. J. Climate, 15, 2301-2320.

 

Bhatt, U. S., E. K. Schneider, and D. G. DeWitt, 2002: Impact of North American soil moisture variability on the re-emergence of SST anomalies in the North Atlantic. Global and Planetary Change, 37, 33-56.

 

Schneider, E. K., L. Bengtsson, and Z.-Z. Hu, 2003: Forcing of Northern Hemisphere climate trends. J. Atmos. Sci., 60, 1504-1521.

 

Schneider, E. K., D. G. DeWitt, A. Rosati, B. P. Kirtman, L. Ji, and J. J. Tribbia, 2003: Retrospective ENSO Forecasts: Sensitivity to Atmospheric Model and Ocean Resolution. Mon. Wea. Rev., 131, 3038-3060.

 

Hu, Z.-Z., E. K. Schneider, U. S. Bhatt, and B. P. Kirtman, 2004: Potential for influence of land surface processes on ENSO. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21113, doi:10.1029/2004JD004771.

 

Wu, Z., E. K. Schneider, and B. P. Kirtman, 2004: Causes of low frequency North Atlantic SST variability in a coupled GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L09210, doi:10.1029/2004GL019548.

 

Cash, B. A.,  E. K. Schneider, and L. Bengtsson, 2005: Origin of Regional Climate Differences: Role of boundary conditions and model formulation in two GCMs. Climate Dyn., 25, 709-723, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-005-0069-5.

 

Meehl, G. A., J. M. Arblaster, D. M. Lawrence, A. Seth, E. K. Schneider, B. P. Kirtman, and D. Min, 2006: Monsoon regimes in the CCSM3. J. Climate, 19, 2482­-2495.

 

Duplessy, J.-C., E. Manzini, and E. K. Schneider, 2006: Editorial to announce online submission for Climate Dynamics, DOI 10.1007/s00382-006-0201-1.

 

DeWitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider, 2006: Diagnosing the Annual Cycle Modes in the Tropical Atlantic Ocean Using a Directly Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean GCM. J. Climate, 19, 5319-5342.

 

Cash, B. A.,  E. K. Schneider, and L. Bengtsson, 2007: Origin of climate sensitivity differences: Role of selected radiative parameterizations in two GCMs. Tellus, 59, 155-169, DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006.00224.x.

 

Schneider, E. K. and M. Fan, 2007: Weather noise forcing of surface climate variability. J. Atmos. Sci., 64, 3265-3280.

 

Wu, Z., E. K. Schneider, B. P. Kirtman, E. S. Sarachik, N. E. Huang, and C. J. Tucker, 2008: The modulated annual cycle - an alternative reference frame for climate anomalies. Climate Dyn., 31. 823-841, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-008-0437-z.

 

Kirtman, B. P., D. M. Straus, D. Min, E. K. Schneider, and L. Siqueira, 2009: Toward linking weather and climate in the interactive ensemble NCAR climate model. Geophys. Res. Lett., 36, L13705, doi:10.1029/2009GL038389.

 

Schneider, E. K., M. J. Fennessy, and J. L. Kinter III, 2009: A Statistical/Dynamical Estimate of Winter ENSO Teleconnections in a Future Climate. J. Climate, 22, 6624–6638. DOI:10.1175/2009JCLI3147.1

 

Hu, Z.-Z., B. Huang, Y.-T. Hou, W. Wang, F. Yang, C. Stan, and E. K. Schneider, 2011: Sensitivity of Tropical Climate to Low-Level Clouds in the NCEP Climate Forecast System. Climate Dyn., 36, 1795-1811. DOI 10.1007/s00382-010-0797-z.

 

Kirtman, B. P., E. K. Schneider, D. M. Straus, D. Min, and R. Burgman, 2011: How weather impacts the forced climate response. Climate Dyn., 37, 2389-2416. DOI 10.1007/s00382-011-1083-3.

 

Fan, M. and E. K. Schneider, 2012: Observed decadal North Atlantic tripole SST variability. Part I: Weather noise forcing and coupled response. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 35-50.

 

Schneider, E. K. and M. Fan, 2012: Observed decadal North Atlantic tripole SST variability. Part II: Diagnosis of mechanisms. J. Atmos. Sci., 69, 51-64.

 

Huang, B., Z.-Z. Hu, E. K. Schneider, Z. Wu, Y. Xue, and B. Klinger, 2012: Influences of tropical–extratropical interaction on the multidecadal forecast system. Climate Dyn., 39, 531-555, DOI 10.1007/s00382-011-1258-z.

 

Chen, H., E. K. Schneider, B. P. Kirtman, and I. Colfescu, 2013: Evaluation of weather noise and its role in climate model simulations. J. Climate, 26, 3766-3784, DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00292.1.

 

Colfescu, I., E. K. Schneider, and H. Chen, 2013: Consistency of 20th century sea level pressure trends as simulated by a coupled and uncoupled GCM. Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 3276-3280, DOI: 10.1002/grl.50545.

 

Meehl G. A., L. Goddard, G. Boer, R. Burgman, G. Branstator, C. Cassou, S. Corti, G. Danabasoglu, F. Doblas-Reyes, E. Hawkins, A. Karspeck, M. Kimoto, A. Kumar, D. Matei, J. Mignot, R. Msadek, H. Pohlmann, M. Rienecker, T. Rosati, E. Schneider, D. Smith, R. Sutton, H. Teng, G. J. van Oldenborgh, G. Vecchi, S. Yeager, 2014: Decadal climate prediction: An update from the trenches. Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, 243–267, DOI: 10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00241.1.

 

Chen, H. and E. K. Schneider, 2014: Comparison of the SST forced responses between coupled and uncoupled climate simulations. J. Climate, 27, 740-756, DOI: 10.1175/jcli-d-13-00092.1.

 

Bombardi, R., J. Zhu, L. Marx, B. Huang, H. Chen, J. Lu, L. Krishnamurthy, V. Krishnamurthy, I. Colfescu, J. L. Kinter III, A. Kumar, Z.-Z. Hu, S. Moorthi., P. Tripp., X. Wu, and E. K. Schneider, 2015: Evaluation of the CFSv2 CMIP5 Decadal Predictions. Climate Dyn., 44, 543-557.

 

Huang, B., J. Zhu, L. Marx, X. Wu, A. Kumar, Z.-Z. Hu, M. A. Balmaseda, S. Zhang, J. Lu, E. K. Schneider, and J. L. Kinter III, 2015: Climate drift of AMOC, North Atlantic salinity and Arctic sea ice in CFSv2 decadal predictions. Climate Dyn., 44, 559-583.

 

Bombardi, R. J., E. K. Schneider, L. Marx, S. Halder, B. Singh, A. B. Tawfik, P. A. Dirmeyer, and J. L. Kinter III, 2015: Improvements in the representation of the Indian Summer Monsoon in the NCEP Climate Forecast System version 2, Climate Dyn., 45, 2485-2498.

Schneider, E. K., 2015: Trajectory analysis of Rossby Waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 72, 2178-2182.

 

Chen, H., E. K. Schneider, and Z. Wu, 2016: Mechanisms of internally generated decadal‑to‑multidecadal variability of SST in the Atlantic Ocean in a coupled GCM, Climate Dyn., 46, 1517-1546. DOI 10.1007/s00382-015-2660-8.

 

Palipane, E., J. Lu, P. Staten, G. Chen, and E. K. Schneider, 2016: Investigating the zonal wind response to SST warming using transient ensemble AGCM experiments. Climate Dyn., in press, DOI 10.1007/s00382-016-3092-9.

 

Bombardi, R. J., A. B. Tawfik, L. Marx; C.-S. Shin, E. K. Schneider, P. A. Dirmeyer, and J. L. Kinter: The heated condensation framework as a convective trigger in the NCEP Climate forecast system version 2. JAMES, accepted.

 

Zuidema, P., P. Chang, B. Medeiros, B. P. Kirtman, R. Mechoso, E. K. Schneider, T. Toniazzo, I. Richter, R. J. Small, K. Bellomo, P. Brandt, S. de Szoeke, J. T. Farrar, E. Jung, S. Kato, M. Li, C. Patricola, Z. Wang, R.Wood, Z. Xu, 2016: Challenges and prospects for reducing coupled climate model SST biases in the eastern tropical Atlantic and Pacific Oceans: The US CLIVAR Eastern Tropical Oceans Synthesis Working Group, Bull Amer. Meteor. Soc., accepted.

 

Colfescu, I. and E. K. Schneider, 2016: Atmospheric Weather Noise Characteristics in 20th Century Coupled Atmosphere-Ocean Model Simulations. Climate Dyn., submitted.

 

Chen, H., E. K. Schneider, and Z. Wu, 2016: Estimation of forced responses in CMIP5 AMIP simulations and application to reanalyses, Climate Dyn., submitted.

 

Monographs, Reports, and Extension Publications*:

 

Schneider, E. K., 1971: Thermodynamic constraints on penetration of convection with application to the Venus atmosphere. Notes on the 1971Summer Study Program in Geophysical Fluid Dynamics at The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Vol. II: Fellowship Lectures (G. Veronis and M. C. Thayer, eds.), WHOI Technical Report 71-63. pp. 71-89. DOI: 10.1575/1912/2992

 

Schneider, E. K., 1975: The Hadley Circulation of the Earth's Atmosphere. Ph.D. Dissertation, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 285pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1988: Effect of mean meridional circulation on wave propagation. Dynamics of Low Frequency Phenomena in the Atmosphere. Vol. II: Linear Theory. NCAR, Boulder, CO, pp. 495-520.

 

Charney, J. G., E. Kalnay, E. Schneider, and J. Shukla, 1988: A study of the dynamics of the ITCZ in a symmetric atmosphere-ocean model. NASA Technical Memorandum 86220.

 

Sato, N., P. J. Sellers, D. A. Randall, E. K. Schneider, J. Shukla, J. L. Kinter III, Y.-T. Hou, and    E. Albertazzi, 1989: Implementing the simple biosphere model (SiB) in a general circulation model: Methodologies and results. NASA Contractor report 185509.

 

Schneider, E. K., J. L. Kinter III, and P. Cehelsky, 1991: Simulation of internal climate variability on long time scales. Preprint Volume of the Eighth Conference on Atmospheric and Oceanic Waves and Stability. AMS, Boston.

 

Das, S., A. Bohra, E. K. Schneider, and J. Shukla, 1991: Error analysis of the NCMRWF R40 global spectral model and impact of new physics. National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting Report No. 4, New Delhi.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. Huang, and J. Shukla, 1994: Ocean wave dynamics and El Ni–o. COLA Report No.1.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1994: Flux correction and equilibrium climate. COLA Report No. 2.

 

Fennessy, M. J., J. L. Kinter III, L. Marx, E. K. Schneider, P. J. Sellers, and J. Shukla, 1994: GCM simulations of the life cycles of the 1988 U.S. drought and heat wave. Cola Report No. 6.

 

Huang, B. and E. K. Schneider, 1994: The response of and ocean GCM to surface wind stress produced by and atmosphere GCM. Cola Report No. 8.

 

Zhu, Z. and E. K. Schneider, 1995: Experimental multi-season ENSO predictions with an anomaly coupled general circulation model. Cola Report No. 10.

 

Schneider, E. K., Z. Zhu, B. Huang, B. S. Giese, B. P. Kirtman, J. Shukla, and J. A. Carton, 1995: Annual cycle and ENSO in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. COLA Report No. 12.

 

Zhu, Z. and E. K. Schneider, 1995: Improvements in stratospheric simulation with a hybrid isentropic-sigma coordinate GCM. Cola Report No. 13.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1995: Global coupled modeling at COLA. Proceedings of the Workshop on Global Coupled General Circulation Models. World Meteorological Organization publication WCRP-87, WMO/TD-No. 655, 32.

 

DeWitt, D. G., E. K. Schneider, and A. D. Vernekar, 1995: Factors determining the precipitation distribution and low-level flow in the tropics of an atmospheric general circulation model: Diagnostic studies. COLA Report No. 14.

 

Kirtman, B. P., J. Shukla, B. Huang, Z. Zhu, and E. K. Schneider, 1995: Multiseasonal predictions with a coupled tropical ocean global atmosphere system. COLA Report No. 15.

 

Kirtman, B. P., E. K. Schneider, and B. Kirtman, 1995: Model based estimates of equatorial Pacific wind stress. Cola Report No. 17.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. Huang, and J. Shukla, 1995: Ocean wave dynamics and El Ni–o. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme. World Meteorological Organization Publication WCRP-91, WMO/TD No. 717, Geneva, 328-332.

 

Kirtman, B. P., B. Huang, J. Shukla, Z. Zhu, and E. K. Schneider, 1995: Climate predictions with a coupled GCM. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference on the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere (TOGA) Programme. World Meteorological Organization Publication WCRP-91, WMO/TD No. 717, Geneva, 812-816.

 

Schneider, E. K., R. S. Lindzen, and B. P. Kirtman, 1996: Tropical influence on global climate. COLA Report No. 22.

 

Kinter, J. L. III and E. K. Schneider (eds.), 1996: Proceedings of the Workshop on Dynamics and Statistics of Secular Climate Variations; Miramare-Trieste, Italy; 4-8 December 1995. COLA Report No. 26.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1996: Understanding Secular Climate Variability in a GCM. Proceedings of the Workshop on Dynamics and Statistics of Secular Climate Variations; Miramare-Trieste, Italy; 4-8 December 1995 (J. L. Kinter III and E. K. Schneider, eds.). COLA Report No. 26, 67-70.

 

DeWitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider, 1997: The Earth radiation budget as simulated by the COLA GCM. COLA Report No. 35.

 

Schneider, E. K., 1997: A note on the annual cycle of sea surface temperature at the equator. COLA Report No. 36, 17pp.

 

Schneider, E. K. and Z. Zhu, 1997: Sensitivity of the simulated annual cycle of sea surface temperature in the equatorial pacific to sunlight penetration. COLA Report No. 37, 37pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., Z. Zhu, D. G. DeWitt, B. Huang, and B. Kirtman, 1997: ENSO hindcasts with a coupled GCM. COLA Report No. 39.

 

DeWitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider, 1997: Simulation of the climate with a coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model: Seasonal cycle and adjustment to mean climate. COLA Report No. 44.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. P. Kirtman, and R. S. Lindzen, 1997: Upper tropospheric water vapor and climate sensitivity. COLA Report No. 45.

 

Shukla, J., D. Paolino, B. Kirtman, D. DeWitt, P. Dirmeyer, B. Doty, M. Fennessy, B. Huang, J. Kinter, L. Marx, E. Schneider, D. Straus, and Z. Zhu, 1997: A forecast of precipitation and surface air temperature in North America for winter (JFM) 1998. COLA Report No. 50, 14 pp.

 

Kinter, J. L. III, D. DeWitt, P. A. Dirmeyer, M. J. Fennessy, B. P. Kirtman, L. Marx, E. K. Schneider, J. Shukla, and D. M. Straus, 1997: The COLA atmosphere-biosphere general circulation model. Volume I: Formulation. COLA Report No. 51, 50 pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., Z. Zhu, B. Huang, D. G. DeWitt, and J. Shukla, 1998: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 2, 6‑9.

 

Huang, B., Z. Zhu, D. G. DeWitt, J. Shukla, and E. K. Schneider,  1998: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 3, 17-20.

 

DeWitt, D. G. and E. K. Schneider, 1998: The tropical ocean response to a change in orbital forcing. COLA Report No. 56.

 

Schneider, E. K. and U. S. Bhatt, 1998: A dissipation integral with application to ocean diffusivities and structure. COLA Report No. 59.

 

Zhu, Z., B. Huang, D. G. DeWitt, J. Shukla, and E. K. Schneider,  1998: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 7, No. 4, 14-17.

 

Huang, B., Z. Zhu, D. G. DeWitt, J. Shukla, and E. K. Schneider,  1999: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 1, 19-22.

 

Kirtman, B. P. and E. K. Schneider, 1999: A spontaneously generated atmospheric general circulation. COLA Report No. 64.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. Huang, Z. Zhu, and J. Shukla, 1999: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 2, 24-27.

 

Covey, C., A. Abe-Ouchi, G. J. Boer, G. M. Flato, B. A. Boville, G. A., Meehl, U. Cubasch, E. Roeckner, H. Gordon, E. Guilyardi, L. Terray, X. Jiang, R. Miller, G. Russell, T. C. Johns, H. Le Treut, L. Fairhead, G. Madec, A. Noda, S. B. Power, E. K. Schneider, R. J. Stouffer, and J.-S. von Storch, 1999: The seasonal cycle in coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models. PCMDI Report No. 51.

 

Zhu, Z., B. Huang, E. K. Schneider, and J. Shukla, 1999: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 3, 10-13.

 

Huang, B., Z. Zhu, E. K. Schneider, and J. Shukla,  1999: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 8, No. 4, 1-4.

 

Schneider, E. K., Z. Zhu, and B. Huang, 2000: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 1, 15-18.

 

Zhu, Z., B. Huang, and E. K. Schneider,  2000: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 2, 14-17.

 

Wajsowicz, R. C. and E. K. Schneider, 2000: The Indonesian throughflowÕs effect on global climate determined from the COLA coupled climate system. COLA Technical Report 86.

 

Zhu, Z., E. K. Schneider, and B. Huang, 2000: Experimental ENSO predictions with a CGCM: A comparison of two different approaches. COLA Technical Report 87.

 

Huang, B., Zhu, Z. and E. K. Schneider,  2000: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 3, 4-7.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. Huang, and Z. Zhu, 2000: SST predictions with a global coupled GCM. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, Vol. 9, No. 4, 23-26.

 

Schneider, E. K., 2001: The Causes of Differences Between Equatorial Pacific SST Simulations of Two Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere General Circulation Models. COLA Technical Report 98.

 

Kirtman, B. P., Y. Fan and E. K. Schneider, 2001: The COLA Global Coupled And Anomaly Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere GCM. COLA Technical Report 103.

 

Schneider, E. K., B. P. Kirtman, Y. Fan and Z. Zhu, 2001: Retrospective ENSO forecasts: The effect of ocean resolution. COLA Technical Report 109.

 

Wu, Z., E. K. Schneider, Z.-Z. Hu and L. Cao, 2001: The impact of global warming on ENSO variability in climate records. COLA Technical Report 110.

 

Bhatt, U. S., E. K. Schneider, and D. G. DeWitt, 2002: Impact of North American soil moisture variability on the re-emergence of SST anomalies in the North Atlantic. COLA Technical Report 110.

 

Schneider, E. K., L. Bengtsson, and Z.-Z. Hu, 2002: Forcing of Northern Hemisphere climate trends. COLA Technical Report 116. 

 

Hu, Z.-Z., E. K. Schneider, U. S. Bhatt, and B. P. Kirtman, 2002: Potential for influence of land surface processes on ENSO. COLA Technical Report 126.

 

Kirtman, B. P., D. Min, P. S. Schopf, and E. K. Schneider, 2003: A new approach for coupled GCM sensitivity studies. COLA Technical Report 154., 48 pp.

 

Wu, Z., E. K. Schneider, and B. P. Kirtman, 2004: Causes of low frequency North Atlantic SST variability in a coupled GCM. COLA Technical Report 160, 14pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., 2006: Stochastic forcing of surface climate. COLA Technical Report 224, 34pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., M. Fan, B. P. Kirtman and P. A. Dirmeyer, 2006: Potential Effects of Amazon Deforestation on Tropical Climate. COLA Technical Report 226, 41pp.

 

Wu, Z., E. K. Schneider, and B. P. Kirtman, 2004: Causes of low frequency North Atlantic SST variability in a coupled GCM. COLA Technical Report 160, 14pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., 2006: Stochastic forcing of surface climate. COLA Technical Report 224, 34pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., M. Fan, B. P. Kirtman and P. A. Dirmeyer, 2006: Potential Effects of Amazon Deforestation on Tropical Climate. COLA Technical Report 226, 41pp.

 

Wu, Z., E. K. Schneider, B. P. Kirtman, E. S. Sarachik, N. E. Huang, and C. J. Tucker., 2007: The Modulated Annual Cycle -- An alternative reference frame for climate anomalies. COLA Technical Report 244, 56pp.

 

D. G. DeWitt, E. K. Schneider, and D. Paolino, 2007: Tropical Pacific SST forecasts utilizing multiple coupled GCMs. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, 16, No. 2. http://grads.iges.org/ellfb/Jun07/Schneider/schneider.htm.

 

D. G. DeWitt, E. K. Schneider, and D. Paolino, 2007: Tropical Pacific SST forecasts utilizing multiple coupled GCMs. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, 16, No. 3.

 

D. G. DeWitt, E. K. Schneider, and D. Paolino, 2007: Tropical Pacific SST forecasts utilizing multiple coupled GCMs. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, 16, No. 4.

 

D. G. DeWitt, E. K. Schneider, and D. Paolino, 2008: Tropical Pacific SST forecasts utilizing multiple coupled GCMs. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, 17, No. 1.

 

D. G. DeWitt, E. K. Schneider, and D. Paolino, 2008: Tropical Pacific SST forecasts utilizing multiple coupled GCMs. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, 17, No. 2.

 

D. G. DeWitt, E. K. Schneider, and D. Paolino, 2008: Tropical Pacific SST forecasts utilizing multiple coupled GCMs. Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin, 17, No. 3.

 

Schneider, E. K., M. J. Fennessy, and J. L. Kinter III, 2009: A Statistical/Dynamical Estimate of Winter ENSO Teleconnections in a Future Climate. COLA Technical Report #272, 42pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., 2009: Amazon deforestation in CFS. Climate Test Bed Joint Seminar Series web page. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/ost/climate/STIP/FY09CTBSeminars/eschneider_042209.htm.

 

Hu, Z.-Z., B. Huang, and Y.-T. Hou, W. Wang, F. Yang, C. Stan, and E. K. Schneider, 2009: Sensitivity of tropical climate to low-level clouds in the NCEP Climate Forecast System. COLA Technical Report 290, 36pp.

 

Fan, M., and E. K. Schneider, 2010: Observed decadal North Atlantic tripole SST variability. Part I: weather noise forcing and coupled response. COLA Technical Report 307, 39pp.

 

Schneider, E. K., and M. Fan, 2010: Observed decadal North Atlantic tripole SST variability. Part II: diagnosis of mechanisms. COLA Technical Report 308, 35pp.

 

 

*Archives of the Experimental Long-Lead Forecast Bulletin are available at http://cola.gmu.edu/ellfb/home.html.

 

*Archives of the COLA Technical Reports are available at http://w.monsoondata.org/reps/.

 

 

Updated March 2016