Self-regulation refers to self-generated thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are oriented to attaining goals.
Characteristics of a Self-regulated Learner

• Learners are proactive in their efforts to learn.

• They are aware of their strengths and limitations.

• They are guided by personally set goals and task-related strategies.

• Such as using an addition strategy to check the accuracy of solutions to subtraction problems.

• Learners monitor their behavior in terms of their goals and self-reflect on their increasing effectiveness.

• This enhances their self-satisfaction and motivation to continue to improve their methods of learning.

• Learners have superior motivation and adaptive learning methods.

• Self-regulated students are not only more likely to succeed academically and view their futures optimistically.

Self-efficacy refers to how people's beliefs about their capabilities to produce effects. Use successes to bolster their abilities.

Tips to promote self-regulation and self-efficacy

1. Mastery of experiences –
1. Successful experiences boost self-efficacy, while failures erode it. This is the most robust source of self-efficacy.
2. Establish specific, short-term goals that challenge, yet are attainable
3. Compare your performance to the goals set for you and adjust as needed.
2. Vicarious experience –
1. Observe a peer succeed at a task can strengthen beliefs in one's own abilities. “If they can do it, so can I.”
3. Verbal persuasion –
1. Boost self-efficacy with credible communication and feedback to guide through a task or motivate to make their best effort.
2. Have a specific learning strategy and the plan. As you proceed through the task, note your progress and verbalize the next steps.
3. Emotional state – Have a positive mood this can boost beliefs in self-efficacy, while anxiety can undermine it. A certain level of emotional stimulation can create an energizing feeling that can contribute to strong performances.