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How-to
There is really no one way to do mystory: no single method. Rather, it is up to each writer
to determine a method appropriate to his/her situation. In each of Ulmer's books, he gives possible
starting points that are connected to his current project:
- In Applied Grammatology, he emphasizes the name. Ulmer pics up
the name again in Text Book and gives a number of possible assignments. Here is a particularly apt one:
Drawing on all the readings and exercises provided in this chapter relevant to the proper name,
write a text exploring the words and information that may be generated out of your given and surnames.
First, identify a "key list" of such terms and topics, then construct a composition (organized as much
for aesthetic effect as for the exposition of your discoveries) by writing out a variety of presentations
expanding your vocabulary into an account of the third level of the signature. To make the original list,
you should use every available means to find the common nouns or names that translate your proper names
into ordinary discourse. Check the dictionary definitions in the original language of your heritage, as
well as encyclopedic dictionaries relevant to names. You may also use poetic techniques to produce words
out of your namespuns and anagrams might be especially useful. You might also want to include
photocopied images depicting the things you find in your names. Several of the readings suggest analogies
which might guide your experiment: think of the assignment as a written version of your coat of arms (a kind
of improvised blazooning) or as a nicknaming process. Comment along the way on any signs of fate or destiny
you notice in the results of your research. Are you "well-named"? Remember finally that the goal of the project
is to take whatever material your name provides and turn it into a model for a theory (general description)
of how to write. (337)
- In Teletheory, he offers mystoryiography, which combines
personal, popular, and disciplinary discourses (what he later calls the popcycle). Here is the assignment he offers before producing
his own mystory:
Write a mystory bringing into relation your experience with three levels of discoursepersonal
(autobiography), popular (community stories, oral history, or popular culture), expert (disciplines of knowledge).
In each case use the punctum or sting of memory to locate items significant to you; once located, research
the representations of the popular and expert items in the collective archive or encyclopedia (thus mixing living and artificial memories).
Select for inclusion in your text fragments of this information most relevant to the items in your oral life story. Arrange the entries
to highlight the chance associations that appear among the three levels. Organize the fragments by means of
one or the other (or both) of the following formats:
1) vita minor: a resume including entries representing the sources of your "images of wide scope"
in your personal and community background. The vita minor lists those aspects of your experience that tend
to be excluded from the conventional resume presented to prospective employers or granting agencies.
2) puncept: set of the fragments collected on the basis of a single shared feature.
In both orders the disciplinary discourse may be drawn from your major, or from a discipline in which you have a potential career interest.
You may substitute for, or intermix with, the disciplinary discourse fragments on the topic of a major catastrophe (which may or may not be the
catastrophe of Aushwitz or Hiroshima). If you are making a mystory not simply to represent to yourself
the genralization of your signature into an inventio, but to discover new points of entry into a specific problem, replace the catastrophic
materials with information on that problem. The same format may be be used to translate between expert and popular discourses. (209)
- In Heuretics, he puts forward chorography and the CATTt. He notes that
his version of this writing practice in Heuretics is an experiment, not a direct model to follow.
For those who chose to do their own such experiment, he offers three possibilties:
1) The most general level of Ulmer's "method" is to use the CATTt (contrast, analogy, target, theory, tale) and
fill in the heuristic slots with your own choices. Your choice might be random, or motivated by curiosity
about a particular theory, discourse, genre, purpose, or place. Your experiment should be evaluated either
by what you learn through the process or what type of text the process produces. In other words, rather than be concerned
with replicating Ulmer's experiment, the goal is to learn something or invent something.
2) A second level at which to experiment with the CATTt is to accept Ulmer's
CATTt (C= argumentative writing; A= Method acting; T= Derrida; T=
hypermedia; t= cinema remake) but to use your own particulars for some
or all of the materials"a different popular work for the remake,
different emotional memories for the rehearsal, a different aspect of
Derrida's writings, and so on" (39).
3) The general name for creating a method out of theory is heuretics, the particular name
of the method Ulmer generates in Heuretics is chorography. So a third, more specific,
way to re-enact Ulmer's experiment is to do chorography. Ulmer notes that chorography is close
to choreography, but he is more specifically thinking about geography. In the discipline of
geography, "chorological analysis" tries to capture a more specific, subjective experience
(understanding) of space than a generic, scientific one. Such an analysis attempts to "capture the
particular connections between people and places" (40). Chorography, then, is "not a recipe" but
"an evocation of the attitudes and strategies specific to a specific practice" (41). A sense of place
is inscribed in a tale (Ulmer's remake of Beau Geste to theorize electronic writing, Plato's
use of myth (tied to a particular place) in Phaedrus to form a symbolic network for the practice
of dialectics, Descartes's use of autobiography to ground his rationalist method, and Freud's use
of his own dreams to develop psychoanalysis). Inventing a method is always situated in a place and a story
serves "as a 'place' within which the theory may be displayed" (42). Find your place, chose your story,
invent your method.
- In Text Book, he focuses on Roland Barthes's alphabetic approach and
models. Ulmer notes that Barthes's Text, A Lover's Discourse: Fragments
provides a set of instructions for his rhetorical experiment. Here is Barthes's recipe
(a recipe in this instance is a set of instructions that one follows loosely, adding
new ingredients or changing the process, rather than a strict formula) and two
two related assignments Ulmer gives that follow Barthes's model:
1) Each of Barthes's fragments follow this recipe:
A. Selecting the figures:
1. Each separate fragment is one figure, pose, or topic. The lover's situation
includes a set of poses that anyone who enters into a dating relationship is likely to emply. . . .
Courting is a "ritual" process. With the term pose, Barthes alludes not only to "role playing" but also
to dance figures, a standardized set of movements with which a choreographer might design a ballet.
2. A figure in the lover's discourse is recognizable to the extent that it is something clearly outlined as memorable.
"You know you have a figure when you can say 'That is so true: I recognize that scene of language'."
B. Writing the figures:
1. Each figure ot topic has a title ("Show me whom to desire), a heading ("induction"), and an argument ("The loved being is desired
because another . . ."). The point of departure for a figure is always something the
lover might say, even if only to himself or herself, perhaps only unconsciously, in
that situation (hence the discourse). The argument is a paraphrase describing that saying.
The figures are arranged in alphabetical order, according to the spelling of the headings
(hence the translator had to retain the Frenchcacher comes before coeur).
2. Of the body (numbered paragraphs), the following may be observed:
a) Only the topic headings and arguments are general. The meditations or reflections recorded within
each topic will be specific to each user of the discourse, who must fill in the figure with his or her own experience
(thoughts, feelings, actions) of the pose.
b) The figures do not tell the love story, but instead record the "asides" that might
accompany the story, as if one had kept a running commentary on one's experience (not in
the manner of a diary, but an analysis, like the color commentary that embellishes the action of a sports broadcast).
c) The content of the commentary in the body is drawn from a combination of three areas of reference, each acknowledged briefly in the margins:
(1) a primary work of art relevant to the concerns of the discourse (Barthes focuses on Geothe's Sorrows of Young Werther)
(2) the speaker's specialized culture (schooling, training)
(3) the speaker's everyday life culture (popular arts, mass media experience, conversations with friends, and the like)
(Text Book 263-64)
2) Ulmer also gives a variety of prompts for discussion and writing. Here is one I
find particularly relevant.
One way to test the validity and value of an experiment is to see if it is replicable,
or if it is applicable to other problems or issues. Write a set of figures, titled
Fragments of a Student's Discourse, modeled after Barthes's Fragments, applying
Barthes's form and procedure to the discourse of the student. You are to write about the conventions
and stereotypes of the student experience, identifying the conventions and cliches, figures and poses,
myths and expectations of the student life. Do for the student's lifestyle what Barthes did
for the lover's style of conduct. Use the following questions to guide your extrapolation from the
lover's to the student's discourse:
Are any of the figures used in the lover's discourse also relevant to the student's discourse?
Of the one's that might be directly translatable across discourses, do they mean the same thing,
or function the same way, in both contexts? Some of the figures may not be directly transferable
but might have equivalents in the new setting. For example, if the heart is the organ of love
sentiment, would the brain be equivalent for the student's situation? What does it mean
to be "a brain"? Is this the same as having one? Can a student be too brainy? What are
the sources of a student's anxiety, hope, joy, pain? What are the crucial moments or
events in a student's life? Where does this scene of life and language begin? Where
does it end? What objects are important to a student? What words, phrases, sayings,
cliches preside over our lives as students? (Text Book 272-73)
(I ask my students who are currently teachers or planning to become teachers to substitute
teacher's for student's in the above prompt, thinking about past teachers and their experiences of
those teachers as models or figures for the type of teacher they are or will become.)
3) The following list breaks down [all of Ulmer's] previous suggestions into a set of "ingredients" and a "recipe," or the procedure for composing a research
text. Feel free to modify these steps and add others of your own. The goal is to transform Barthes's tutor text into the prototype for a genre of research text.
1. The "ingredients" for this research text include the following:
a. An incident from the past that sticks in your memory
Reflect on memories of growing up, from early childhood through high school graduation. Think of a specific incident or event that comes to mind
without too much effort. One technique for locating a good incident to work with is to make a list of the ideological categories of identity (gender, class,
ethnicity, race, religion, sexuality, nationality). Our society has an ideal set of expectations for how these categories are to be fulfilled, but almost no
person fits the ideals. Reflect on any incident that expresses your sense of a lack of fit between you and the ideal of one of these categories. Who
was enforcing the ideal (from what institution: family, church, school, peer group, popular media)? The incident may be modest, not necessarily
dramatic, but just a
symptom of tension between your reality and the ideal expectation. Another way to select the incident is to think of a turning point in your experience,
some event that marked a choice, a decision, perhaps a realization only in retrospect that you passed a crossroad and took one path and not the other.
b. A story
The story may be in any genre and medium-book, movie, television, song, or comic book. One way to select the story is to find one that you
remember, that stuck in your memory for whatever reason, something that you read, saw, or heard while you were growing up. Another
approach is to select a story that you have not read but that is considered an important work of literature or art.
2. The "recipe" or procedure for composing the text
a. One option is to emulate the form of Barthes's Fragments. Review the outline in the introduction to A Lover's Discourse, "Writing the figures."
Organize your text as a series of figures, including all the elements: topic and title, numbered paragraphs, with your choice of story and personal
incident, supplemented by your
"specialized culture." A good resource for the asides based on specialized culture is Text Book itself. Your text then creates an assemblage based
on associations that you draw among your story, the life incident, and the readings of Text Book.
b. A good way to work with an unfamiliar story is to adapt the technique of Method acting. The narrative of the story is organized by a conflict.
The protagonist desires something, and there is some obstacle preventing the fulfillment of the desire.
If you were going to act the part of this character using the Method, you would produce a personal emotional memory to help define your performance.
Compose your text as an assemblage of fragments, juxtaposing the details of the story conflict with the details of an incident from your own experience
that may be associated emotionally with the story problem. It is not that your experience is the same as the one in the story, but that there is some
common thread linking the two. For an actor the common thread is an emotion. If the character is angry or afraid, the actor thinks of some experience
involving anger or fear and uses sensory details of that memory to understand the feelings of the character.
c. A third possibility is to reverse the direction of emotional understanding from that used in the Method. After deciding on the personal experience,
select a story that reveals or expresses the feeling or state of mind that you remember or associate with the personal experience. There is no need to
name the feeling in abstract or conceptual terms; the point is to recover or locate the feeling through the act of writing. The form again is an assemblage
based on Barthes's Fragments. The basic
devices are juxtaposition, repetition, and variation, assembled to produce a kind of "allegory" relating the life experience to the story problem. In this
case, however, there is likely to be just one figurethe metaphor between you and the story. For example, suppose the book is Melville's Moby Dick,
and the memory concerns your first summer job. You would not necessarily make an explicit comparison ("The boss paced in his kitchen like Ahab
on the deck of the Pequod") but instead use concrete language to record selected details, from the two domains, so that the comparison could emerge indirectly.
3. As an alternative to using the figures formula from Barthes's Fragments, produce a new form or recipe from the examples collected in the archive.
Analyze each example to locate its procedures for relating a life experience to a story. Collect these devices into a set and restate them as instructions
for making a research text. Then follow your own instructions, using your own life incident and preferred story. (Text Book 274-75)
- In Internet Ivention, . . .
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