Biology 304
Study Guide 3
How do we think phototropism works? What hormone is involved? How does fig. 28-2 demonstrate this?
How do we think gravitropism works? What hormone is involved? What is the postulated function of statoliths? (see fig. 28-5 & 28.6)
What is the distinction between thigmotropism and nastic movements?
What role do turgor pressure and pulvini play in nastic movements? Pp. 639-640.
What are circadian rhythms and why are they important? Give an example.
What is photoperiodism? Explain why a flash of light during a long night inhibits flowering in short-day plants but promotes flowering in long-day plants (see Fig. 28-14)). What is the pigment system involved and how does it work (Fig. 28-18)? Also be able to explain the results shown in Fig. 28-16.
Why is dormancy important? How does it keep plants “in tune” with their environment? Give some examples.
Know the difference between the three types of life cycle (Fig. 12-15)
Know the life cycle for the following representative organisms:
Allomyces, p. 267 (Chytridiomycota)
an ascomycete p. 270 (Ascomycota)
a basidiomycete p. 273 (Basidiomycota)
USE THE ABOVE LIFE CYCLES, AND ONES THAT FOLLOW, AS A CONCISE SUMMARY OF THE IMPORTANT FEATURES THAT WILL ENABLE YOU TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN THE DIFFERENT PHYLA. You should be able to describe the structure and function of the characteristic sexual and asexual reproductive structures. You also should be able to identify each life cycle as one of the 3 basic types (zygotic, gametic, or sporic meiosis; Chapt. 12)
What is the major characteristic of deuteromycetes (conidial fungi)?
Describe the difference
between the symbiotic relationship exhibited by
lichens vs. mycorrhizae.
Use Table 15 as a guide to
the phyla of Protista (excluding the Crytophyta, Haptophyta, and Chrysophyta).
Know the life cycles of the following:
Saprolegnia, (Oomycota) p. 311
a diatom, p. 314 (Bacillariophyta)
Laminaria, a kelp/brown alga p. 320 (Phaeophyta)
Fucus, a brown alga p. 321 (Phaeophyta)
Why are the above phyla referred to as heterokonts?
Polysiphonia, a red alga, p. 326 (Rhodophyta)
Chlamydomonas, a green alga p. 331 (Chlorophyta)
a plasmodial slime mold p. 341(Myxomycota)
How is asexual reproduction in the Chytridiomycota different from all the other true fungi?
Why is Pilobolus called the “hat thrower”?
Why are mycorrhizae so important?
The Euglenophyta exhibit characteristics of both animals and plants. Explain.
Why are the Dictyosteliomycota called cellular slime molds?
What are paramylon, chrysolaminarin, and laminarin?
Why are phytoplankton referred to as the “great meadow of the sea”?
Distinguish between isogamy, anisogamy, and oogamy.
What are phycobilins, fucoxanthins, and peridinins?
Define frustule, pennate, centric, phragmoplast, phycoplast,sporopollenin.
Distinguish between the different classes of green algae based on the method of cytokinesis (Table 15-2).
What features of the Charophyceae (the orders Coleochaetales and the Charales) link them evolutionarily to the Bryophytes and vascular plants?