Name:________________________________________________

                                               G-number_____________________________________________


                                      Introductory Biology II, Final Exam
                                                Summer, 2007

Instructions: There are 78 questions. You may consider three of them as extra credit. Write down the best
answer for each one. Please make sure that you fill out your scantron correctly. In case of discrepancy, the
answer on the scantron will be considered your answer. When you're finished, please hand in both the scantron
& exam sheet. Good luck!

Material covered by exam I:

b___1) Skin is made up of multiple layers and flattened cells. This (skin) is:
       a) stratified cuboidal connective tissue       b) stratified squamous epithelial tissue
       c) simple columnar epithelial tissue           d) cuboidal columnar epithelial tissue
       e) pseudostratified columnar epithelial tissue

b___2) Muscle is what kind of tissue?
       a) connective b) muscle       c) epithelial    d) nervous      e) stratified

a___3) Heat transfer that takes place through direct contact with another object is due to:
       a) conduction          b) radiation c) convection            d) evaporation          e) engulfation

a___4) Over a period of a year, a bear is (hint: do bears really hibernate?):
       a) endothermic and homeothermic b) ectothermic and homeothermic
       c) endothermic and poikilothermic d) ectothermic and poikilothermic                    e) none of the above

a___5) A tick that attaches to your forehead and sucks out blood is a:
       a) fluid feeder         b) bulk feeder       c) suspension feeder              d) substrate feeder

e___6) In the long term, excess energy (in humans) is:
       a) stored as starch in the kidneys    b) stored as glycogen in the liver      c) stored as starch in the liver
       d) stored as glycogen in the kidneys e) stored as fat in various parts of the body

d___7) An excess of which vitamin can cause (among other symptoms) hair loss, vomiting, liver & bone
        damage?
       a) Vitamin D         b) Vitamin B12       c) Vitamin E         d) Vitamin A            e) Vitamin X

c___8) Normally, the epiglottis closes the opening of the trachea in response to:
       a) food moving past the pyloric sphincter    b) food moving into the cecum
       c) food moving past the trachea              d) food moving into the sinuses           e) none of the above

e___9) The cardiac sphincter controls the opening between the:
       a) stomach and large intestine         b) stomach and heart            c) stomach and small intestine
       d) small intestine and large intestine e) stomach and esophagus

b___10) An enzyme produced in the pancreas is:
      a) bile      b) amylase     c) pepsin           d) fibrin       e) gastrin

c___11) The cecum is used to digest:
      a) proteins    b) glycogen c) cellulose         d) starch       e) gummi-bears

b___12) A hormone found in the blood stream that stimulates the stomach to make gastric juice:
      a) TSH        b) gastrin     c) thyroxin    d) aspartame          e) liquid nitrogen

b___13) Frogs use:
      a) negative pressure breathing          b) positive pressure breathing          c) neutral pressure breathing
      d) normal pressure breathing            e) frogs don't breathe - they're green so they photosynthesize

e___14) Smoking can do all of the following except:
      a) destroy cilia in the trachea & bronchi    b) kill macrophages in the lungs
      c) cause lung cancer            d) cause emphysema          e) give you youthful looking skin

e___15) About 440,000 people in the U.S. die every year due to:
      a) car accidents     b) murders      c) drug abuse             d) AIDS                 e) smoking

e___16) In the fetus, the right atrium sends blood to the:
      a) left atrium           b) right ventricle     c) lungs       d) all of the above     e) a & b

c___17) A typical systolic blood pressure might be:
      a) 40           b) 80          c) 120         d) 160           e) 400

e___18) During anaphylactic shock, which blood vessels open wide?
      a) arteriesveins      b) venules    c) arterioles         d) veins             e) capillaries

Material covered by exam II:

a___19) You poke yourself. As part of the non-specific defense that starts, your body releases:
      a) histamine b) anti-histamine       c) A-cells     d) T-cells       e) B-cells

e___20) B-cells are matured in the:
      a) lymph nodes         b) thymus        c) brain       d) lungs         e) bone marrow

b___21) A self/non-self complex is made by a/an:
      a) IAD         b) APC         c) T-cell    d) B-cell           e) pathogen

e___22) Spread by the Tse-tse fly:
      a) Chagas      b) Malaria       c) Yellow fever        d) Elephantiasis        e) Sleeping sickness

d___23) Sleeping sickness overcomes the immune system by:
      a) directly attacking B-cells         b) destroying antibodies
      c) changing from a virus into a bacteria             d) being able to switch antigens
      e) causing an extreme allergic reaction

e___24) Bowman's capsule:
      a) reabsorbs nutrients         b) sets up a salt gradient
                                                                              d) removes Mg+ ions
      c) changes the permeability of the collecting duct
      e) captures the fluid excreted by the glomerulus

a___25) The proximal tubule
      a) reabsorbs nutrients         b) sets up a salt gradient
                                                                              d) removes Mg+ ions
      c) changes the permeability of the collecting duct
      e) captures the fluid excreted by the glomerulus

a___26) In response to blood loss, which pathway can help you save vital body fluids?
      a) RAAS         b) FSH         c) ADH        d) ACTH       e) TSH

c___27) Glucagon is released by the:
      a) pituitary   b) liver        c) pancreas     d) adrenal glands       e) testes

e___28) In response to this exam, your pituitary has most likely released:
      a) MSH          b) endorphins          c) ADH                 d) TSH           e) ACTH

b___29) Some sharks are:
      a) viviparous           b) ovoviviparous       c) vivioviparous        d) loving caring parents

a___30) Stores and matures sperm:
      a) epididymis         b) vas deferens          c) fallopian tube       d) testes      e) none of the above

a___31) In sequence, the first glands that contribute substances to sperm coming through the vas deferens is/
        are the:
      a) seminal vessicles b) epidymis c) Bulbourethral glands              d) prostate gland    e) ovaries

b___32) After ovulation, the follicle develops into a/an:
      a) ovary        b) Corpus luteum       c) mature follicle     d) fertilized egg       e) pituitary

a___33) Increased contractions cause:
      a) increased levels of oxytocin        b) decreased levels of oxytocin
      c) decreased levels of estrogen        d) increased levels of estrogen         e) none of the above

a___34) Dendrites:
      a) allow a signal to enter a nerve cell                b) allow a signal to leave a nerve cell
      c) allow a signal to circumnavigate the cell           d) allow a signal to move backwards
      e) hook directly into the axon hillock

a___35) Helps speed up the action potential in the CNS of vertebrates:
      a) oligodendrocytes b) Schwann cells          c) astrocytes d) an unusually thick neuron (axon/dendrite)
      e) inverse negative impulses

c___36) All right, which of the following is a really bad idea to give to an elephant?
      a) acetylcholine        b) dopamine c) LSD             d) salt tablets        e) morphine

Material covered by exam III:

c___37) The structure that channels sound into the auditory canal is the:
      a) oval window          b) eustachian tube    c) pinna        d) utricle       e) cochlea

e___38) The upper end of frequencies bats can hear is about:
      a) 30 Hz      b) 300 Hz      c) 1,000 Hz d) 20,000 Hz e) 100,000 Hz

b___39) In an attempt to try and figure out how bats were able to fly in complete darkness, Spallenzani
      a) experimented with brain wave signals
      b) poured hot wax into the ears of bats
      c) used night vision goggles to observe how bats flew at night
      d) generated bright flashes of light to try to confuse the bats
      e) compared how bats flew at night with how they flew during the day
b___40) Located between the lens and the cornea:
      a) choroid    b) aquous humor        c) retina            d) vitrious humor     e) sclera

a___41) The choroid is the:
      a) black layer just underneath the retina
      b) the tough white layer of the outside of the eye
      c) the clear part at the front of the eye that lets light into the eye
      d) the part of the eye that senses light
      e) ring of muscles that control the lens

d___42) Cones:
      a) see black and white but are more sensitive to light
      b) see color and are more sensitive to light
      c) see black and white and are less sensitive to light
      d) see color but are less sensitive to light

c___43) The sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca++ ions in response to:
      a) a muscle contraction       b) tropomyosin         c) an action potential              d) a sensory reflex
      e) lower blood calcium levels

d___44) A smooth sustained muscle contraction is known as:
      a) typhoid    b) flu        c) syphilis     d) tetanus                   e) diphtheria

b___45) In the brain, ventricles:
      a) help pump blood around the body          b) are filled with cerebro-spinal fluid
      c) help determine the emotional content of messages in the brain
      d) include centers for analyzing sound              e) none of the above

d___46) The superior olive is:
      a) a Greek restaurant                     b) a brand of olive oil
      c) a part of the thalamus                 d) a part of the brain that lets you determine the direction of sound

d___47) The part of the cerebral cortex where we vision is analyzed:
      a) frontal lobe        b) parietal lobe      c) temporal lobe            d) occiptal lobe

e___48) Two pathways go from the motor cortex. One goes to the cerebellum, the other goes to the:
      a) cerebrum b) spinal cord    c) hypothalamus d) occipital lobe         e) appropriate motor neuron

d___49) A plant in which the dominant form of the life cycle is haploid:
      a) Oak tree    b) Rose       c) Pine tree d) Moss            e) Mushroom

d___50) In Gymnosperms, eggs are produced by:
      a) anthers   b) filaments c) male cones                   d) female cones       e) petals

b___51) A leaf with branched (not parallel) veins will usually come from a:
      a) monocot b) dicot           c) tricot       d) quadrocot

a___52) A plant that grows, reproduces, and dies all within a year is a:
      a) annual       b) biennial   c) perennial d) centennial e) monocennial

a___53) The dark center of a tree is known as the:
      a) heartwood            b) middle wood       c) sapwood           d) mirkwood

c___54) The endosperm is:
      a) diploid    b) quadroploid           c) triploid    d) haploid              e) monoploid

a___55) True or false: All seedless grapes are descended from a single grape using asexual reproduction
      a) True         b) False

New material:

e___56) Photosynthesis requires:
      a) light      b) oxygen         c) carbon dioxide     d) a & b         e) a & c

a___57) True or false: Dark reactions can take place in the dark, though they usually don't:
      a) True         b) False

b___58) True or false: in order to figure out how many mice are on campus, I would have to count every one:
      a) True         b) False

b___59) An apple orchard, where each tree is planted a regular distance from every other tree would have what
        kind of dispersal pattern?
      a) clumped      b) uniform   c) random       d) impossible to tell

b___60) The logistic model describes a population that:
      a) grows rapidly without end                 b) grows rapidly then slows and levels off
      c) grows rapidly, then declines rapidly      d) grows slowly than declines rapidly
      e) only declines

b___61) If the amount of food decreases, K would:
      a) increase    b) decrease c) stay the same           d) change to r          e) become irrelevant

a___62) An organism that produces lots of offspring, but does not invest a lot of resources into each offspring is
        said to be:
      a) r - selected       b) K - selected        c) i - selected         d) n - selected         e) q - selected

d___63) The current human population is about:
      a) 1.2 billion b) 2.6 billion c) 3.7 billion d) 6.5 billion e) 8.4 billion

c___64) A population pyramid with mostly straight (parallel) sides shows a population that is:
      a) increasing        b) decreasing          c) staying about the same      d) none of the above

a___65) True or False: each American (U.S.A.) uses far more resources than each person in India:
      a) true         b) false

d___66) Which is the most diverse community?
      a) species A: 33, species B: 42, species C: 0
      b) species A: 75, species B: 0, species C: 0
      c) species A: 70, species B: 2, species C: 3
      d) species A: 25, species B: 25, species C: 25
      e) species A: 0, species B: 0, species C: 0

d___67) The barnacle example, where two species of barnacle coexisted at different heights, demonstrated:
      a) a rapidly growing population       b) a rapidly declining population    c) predation
      d) the principle of competitive exclusion            e) the effects of DDT

b___68) True or false: Fire is always harmful to a community:
      a) True         b) False

b___69) A carnivore gets roughly what percentage of the energy available to the herbivore it eats?
      a) 5%          b) 10%        c) 15%         d) 20%         e) 50%

e___70) Economic reasons for conserving include all of the following except:
      a) medicine b) food          c) recreation d) clothing/shelter     e) there are no exceptions on this list

c___71) The loss of habitat caused by new houses, buildings & shopping malls is due to:
      a) desertification      b) deforestation     c) urbanization      d) loss of wetlands

c___72) To protect elephants, Kenya had to introduce:
      a) electronic ankle bracelets for elephants b) habitat reconstruction       c) helicopter gunships
      d) increased protection for rhinos           e) none of the above

b___73) The extinction of the passenger pigeon is due primarily to:
      a) habitat loss        b) overexploitation c) introduced species            d) environmental factors

d___74) Baby sea turtles have a hard time finding the ocean due to:
      a) air pollution       b) noise pollution     c) water pollution     d) light pollution

b___75) Global warming might be caused by:
      a) acid rain  b) carbon dioxide    c) ozone           d) DDT         e) overzealous weather forecasters

e___76) In order to properly protect an animal (or other organism) we need to (there are several possible
      answers - pick the single best answer):
      a) set up a reserve     b) put it in a zoo     c) control its predators     d) provide food
      e) study the animal to know what it needs in order to survive

d___77) Bald eagles and other birds of prey almost went extinct due to:
      a) acid rain   b) carbon dioxide      c) ozone      d) DDT           e) overzealous weather forecasters

c___78) The side of the Nairobi National Park that opens to the Athi plains is the:
      a) north side b) east side c) south side d) west side e) actually, all sides are closed off




               ********* You MUST hand in both the exam and scantron *********




 Finally, it's over! I hope you didn't find today too miserable. Have a great remaining summer!




                     Reminder: please put your G-number on both the exam and scantron.