PUBP 881 International Trade Policy
ITRN 791 Advanced Trade Policy
    Revised: 22 January 2007 

Kenneth A. Reinert

    Phone: 703-993-8212
    Email: kreinert@gmu.edu
    Office: Arlington Original Building, Room 262
    Website: http://mason.gmu.edu/~kreinert
    Office hours: Monday 6-7

Course Description

    This course addresses international trade theory, trade policy analysis, regional economic
    integration, and the institutional arrangements governing world trade. It covers the World Trade
    Organization (including its constituent agreements in the areas of goods, services, intellectual
    property and trade-related investment measures), regional trade agreements such as NAFTA,
    dispute settlement  regimes, and the relations between trade and the environment.
    Please note: The first half of this course in trade theory is intensive in graphical analysis
    and
requires familiarity with partial derivates and total differentiation.

Main Texts

    Hoekman, B. and M. Kostecki, The Political Economy of the World Trading System,
    Oxford University Press, 2001.

    Markusen, J.R., J.R. Melvin, W.H. Kaempfer, and K.E. Maskus, International Trade:
    Theory and Evidence, McGraw-Hill, 1995. Note: this excellent text is out of print.
    We will be accessing it via Jim Markusen's web-site.  

    Reinert, K.A., Analyzing Trade.

Books on Reserve   

    Barton, J.H., J.L. Goldstein, T.E. Josling and R.H Steinberg, The Evolution of the
    Trade Regime: Politics, Law, and Economics of the GATT and the WTO
,
    Princeton University Press, 2006.

    Francois, J.F. and K.A. Reinert (eds.), Applied Methods for Trade Policy Analysis:
    A Handbook, Cambridge University Press, 1997.

    Helpman, E. and P.R. Krugman, Trade Policy and Market Structure, MIT Press,
    1989.      

    Hoekman, B., A. Mattoo, and P. English (eds.), Development, Trade, and the WTO:
    A Handbook
, The World Bank, 2002.

    Martin, W. and L.A. Winters (eds.), The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries,
    Cambridge University Press, 1996.  
   
Other Useful Books

    Bagwell, K. and R.W. Staiger,  The Economics of the World Trading System,
    MIT Press, 2002.  

    Bhagwati, J., A. Panagariya, and T.N. Srinivasan, Lectures on International Trade, MIT
    Press, 1998.

    Caves, R.E., Multinational Enterprised and Economic Analysis, Cambridge University
    Press, 1996.

    Corden, W.M., Trade Policy and Economic Welfare, Oxford University Press, 1997.     

    Feenstra, R.C., Advanced International Trade: Theory and Evidence, Princeton
    University Press, 2004.

    Hertel, T.W. (ed.) Global Trade Analysis: Modeling and Applications, Cambridge,
    University Press, 1997.

    International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development,
    Doha Round Briefing Series.

    van Marrewijk, C., International Trade and the World Economy, Oxford University
    Press, 2002.

    Vousden, N., The Economics of Trade Protection, Cambridge University Press,
    1990.

    World Trade Organization, Uruguay Round Legal Texts.

Some Important Journals (all available through e-journals)

    Interntional Trade Journal- at Arlington campus library
    Journal of International Economic Law- at Law School library
    Journal of World Trade- at Arlington campus library
    World Trade Review- at Arlington campus library  

Course Requirements and Grading

    For Ph.D. students:

    Problem sets- 10 percent
    Midterm exam- 25 percent
    Final exam- 25 percent
    Draft Journal Article- 20 percent
    Class participation- 20 percent

    For Masters students:

    Problem Sets- 15 percent
    Midterm exam- 30 percent
    Final exam- 35 percent
    Class participation- 20 percent

Course Outline and Readings

Microeconomics of Closed and Open Economies (22 January, 29 January)

    Markusen et al., Chapters 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6.

    See also: T.M. Humphrey, "The Early History of the Box Diagram," Federal Reserve
    Bank of
Richmond Economic Quarterly, 82:1, 1996, 37-75; and K.A. Reinert,
    "Outcomes Assessment in Trade Policy Analysis," Journal of Economic Issues, 38:4,
    2004, 1067-1073.

Ricardian Model (5 February) Problem Set #1

    Markusen et al., Chapter 7.

    See also: Bhagwati, Panagariya, and Srinivasan, Chapters 2 through 4; G.M. Grossman and
    E.
Helpman, "Technology and Trade," in G. Grossman and K. Rogoff (eds.), Handbook of
    International Economics, Volume III, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1995, 1279-1337.

Heckscher-Ohlin Model (12 February)

    Markusen et al., Chapter 8.

    Reinert, K.A. and K.W. Roland-Holst, “North-South Trade and Occupational Wages:
    Some
Evidence from North America,” Review of International Economics, 6:1, February
    1998, 74-89.
Available through e-journals.  

    See also: Bhagwati, Panagariya, and Srinivasan, Chapters 5, 6, and 8.

Specific Factors Model (19 February) Problem Set #2, Problem Set #1 Due

    Markusen et al., Chapter 9.

    Neary, J.P., “Short-Run Capital Specificity and the Pure Theory of International Trade,”
    Economic Journal, 88:351, September 1978, 488-510. Available through JSTOR.

    See also: Bhagwati, Panagariya, and Srinivasan, Chapter 7.

New Trade Theory: Increasing Returns to Scale and Imperfect Competition (26 February) 

    Markusen et al., Chapters 11 and 12.

    Krugman, P., "Scale Economies, Product Differentiation, and the Pattern of Trade," American
    Economic Review, 70:5, December 1980, 950-959. Available through JSTOR.

    Ruffin, R.J., "The Nature and Significance of Intra-Industry Trade," Federal Reserve Bank
    of Dallas Economic and Financial Review, 1999.

    See also: Bhagwati, Panagariya, and Srinivasan, Chapters 11 and 30; P. Krugman, "Talking
    About a Revolution: How the Late Kevin Lancaster Helped Transform Economics," under
    Economic
Theory at The Unofficial Paul Krugman Archive (you will need to scroll down);
    and Chapter 10 of
van Marrewijk (2002, see useful books above).

    Note: Due to time limitations, we will not cover oligopolistic theories in this section of the
    class.  If you have an interest in this, I can provide you with R.J. Ruffin "Oligopoly Models,"
    in K.A. Reinert, R.S. Rajan, A.J. Glass, and L.S. Davis (eds.), Princeton Encyclopedia of
    the World Economy
, Princeton University Press, 2008.

Trade Policy Analysis (5 March) Problem Set #2 Due, Topic Description Due for Ph.D.
Students

    Markusen et al., Chapters 15 and 16.

    Laird, S., "Quantifying Commercial Policies," Chapter 2 of J.F. Francois and K.A. Reinert (eds.),
    Applied Methods for Trade Policy Analysis: A Handbook, Cambridge University Press,
    Cambridge, 1997, 27-75. On electronic reserve.

    Helpman, E. and P.R. Krugman, "Trade Policy under Perfect Competition," Chapter 2 of Trade
    Policy and Market Structure, MIT Press, Cambridge, 1989, 11-25. On electronic reserve.

    Reinert, K.A., "Gravity Models," in K.A. Reinert, R.S. Rajan, A.J. Glass, and L.S. Davis (eds.),
    Princeton Encyclopedia of the World Economy
, Princeton University Press, 2008.

    See also: K.A. Reinert, "Implementing a Simple, General Equilibrium Model in GAMS,"
    unpublished paper, 2001; K. Anderson, "Measuring the Effects of Trade Policy Distortions:
    How Far Have We Come?" The World Economy, 26:4, 2003, 413-440.

Midterm (19 March) 

GATT and WTO (26 March) Problem Set #3

    Hoekman and Kostecki, Chapters 1, 2, 4, and 5.

    VanGrasstek, C. and P. Sauve, "The Consistency of WTO Rules: Can the Single Undertaking
    Be Squared with Variable Geometry," Journal of International Economic Law, 9:4, 837-
    864. Available through e-journals.

    Francois, J., H. van Meijl, and F. von Tongeren, "Trade Liberalization in the Doha Development
    Round," Economic Policy, 20:42, 349-391. Available through e-journals.

    See also: Marlikar, A. and D. Tussie, "The G20 at the Cancun Ministerial: Developing Countries
    and Their Evolving Coalitions in the WTO," World Economy, 27:7, 947-966. Available through
    e-journals.

Regional Trade Agreements (2 April) 

    Markusen et al., Chapter 18.

    Hoekman and Kostecki, Chapter 10.

    Limao, N., "Preverential vs. Multilateral Trade Liberalization: Evidence and Open Questions,"
    World Trade Review, 5:2, 155-176. Available through e-journals.

    Harrison, G.E., T.F. Rutherford, and D.G. Tarr, "Rules of Thumb for Evaluating Preferential
    Trading Arrangements: Evidence from CGE Assessments," Cuadernos de Economia, 40:121,
    2003. Available online. Note Spanish/English switch in upper right-hand corner of home page.

    See also: J. de Melo and A. Panagariya (eds.), New Dimensions in Regional Integration,
    Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993; J.A. Frankel, Regional Trading Blocs in the World
    Economic System, Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC, 1997; J. Serra et al.,
    Reflections on Regionalism, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, Washington, DC, 1997;
   
Hudec, R.E. and J.D. Southwick, “Regionalism and WTO Rules: Problems in the Fine Art of
    Discriminating Fairly,” in M. Rodríguez Mendoza, P. Low, and B. Kotschwar (eds.), Trade Rules
    in the Making: Challenges  in Regional and Multilateral Negotiations, The Brookings
    Institution, Washington, DC, 1999, 47-80.

Agriculture, Textiles and Clothing (9 April) Problem Set #3 Due

    Hoekman and Kostecki, Chapter 6, Sections 1 and 2.   

    Anderson, K., W. Martin, and D. van der Mensbrugghe, "Doha Merchandise Trade Reform:
    What is at Stake for Developing Countries?" World Bank Economic Review, 20:2, 2006,
    169-195. Available through e-journals.

       
    Hathaway, D. and M.D. Inco, "Agricultural Liberalization in the Uruguay Round," in W. Martin and

    L.A. Winters (eds.), The Uruguay Round and the Developing Countries, Cambridge University
    Press, Cambridge, 1996, 30-58. On electronic reserve.

    Primo Braga, C.A., "Agricultural Negotiations: Recent Developments in the Doha Round," World
    Bank Trade Note 19, 2004.

    International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, Doha Round Briefing Series:
    Agriculture, Novermber 2005. See link above under "Other Useful Books."     

    Nordås, H.K.,
    The Global Textile and Clothing Industry Post the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing,
    World Trade Organization Discussion Paper 5, Geneva, 2004.

    See also: Kim, S.J. and K.A. Reinert,
    "Textile and Clothing Safeguards: From the ATC to the Future."

Trade in Services (16 April)

    Hoekman and Kostecki, Chapter 7.

    Adlung, R., "The GAT Turns Ten: A Preliminary Stocktaking," Staff Working
    Paper ERSD-2004-05, World Trade Organization. 

    Mattoo, A., "Developing Countries in the New Round of GATS Negotiations: Toward a Pro-
    Active Role," The World Economy, 23:4, April 2000, 471-489. Available through e-journals.

    Winters, L.A. et al., "Liberalising the Temporary Movement of Natural Persons: An Agenda
    for the Development Round," The World Economy, 26:8, 1137-1161. Available through
    e-journals.

    See also: P. Sauvé, and R.M. Stern (eds.), GATS 2000: New Directions in Services Trade
    Liberalization, Brookings Institution, Washington, DC, 2000.

TRIPS (16 April) 

    Hoekman and Kostecki, Chapter 8.

    Maskus, K.E., "The International Regulation of Intellectual Property," Weltwirtschaftliches
    Archiv, 134:2, 1998, 186-208.

    Watal, J., "Implementing the TRIPS Agreement," Chapter 35 of B. Hoekman, A. Mattoo, and
    P. English (eds.), Development, Trade, and the WTO:  A Handbook, The World Bank,
    Washington, DC, 2002, 359-368.
On reserve.

    See also: Dutfield, G., "Introduction," in C. Bellmann, G. Dutfield, and R. Meléndez-Ortiz (eds.),
    Trading in Knowledge: Development Perspectives on TRIPS, Trade and Sustainability,
    Earthscan, London, 2003, 1-20; and Intellectual Property Rights Online.

Investment (23 April) 

    Sauve, P., "Multilateral Ruses on Investment: Is Forward Movement Possible?" Journal of
    International Economic Law
, 9:2, 325-355. Available through e-journals.  

    Hoekman, B. and K. Saggi, "Assessing the Case for Extending WTO Disciplines on Investment-
    Related Policies," Journal of Economic Integration, 15:4, 2000, 629-653. On electronic
    reserve.

    See also: Low, P. and A. Subramanian, "Beyond TRIMs: A Case for Multilateral Action on
    Investment Rules and Competition Policy?" in W. Martin and L.A. Winters (eds.), The Uruguay
    Round and the Developing Countries, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1996, 380-408.

Dispute Settlement (23 April) 

    Hoekman and Kostecki, Chapter 3.
   
   
Barton, J.H., J.L. Goldstein, T.E. Josling and R.H Steinberg, "The Politics of the
    GATT/WTO Legal System: Legislative and Judicial Processes," Chapter 3 of The Evolution
    of the Trade Regime: Politics, Law, and Economics of the GATT and the WTO
,  Princeton
    University Press, 2006. Book on reserve.

    Davey, W.J., "The WTO Dispute Settlement System," Journal of International Economic Law,
    3:1,
2000, 15-18. Available online through e-journals.

    Hoekman, B.M. and P. Mavroidis, "WTO Dispute Settlement, Transparency and Surveillance,"
    The
World Economy, 23:4, 2000, 527-542. Available through e-journals.

Labor and the Environment (23 April)

    Hoekman and Kostecki, Chapter 13.

    Tay, S., "Trade and Labor: Text, Institutions, and Context," Chapter 45 of B. Hoekman, B., A.
    Mattoo, and P. English (eds.), Development, Trade, and the WTO:  A Handbook, The World
    Bank, Washington, DC, 2002, 463-471.
On reserve.

    Jha, V., "Environmental Regulations and the WTO," Chapter 46 of B. Hoekman, B., A. Mattoo,
    and P. English (eds.), Development, Trade, and the WTO:  A Handbook, The World Bank,
    Washington, DC, 2002, 472-481.
On reserve.

    See also: Anderson, K. (1992) “The Standard Welfare Economics of Policies Affecting Trade
    and the Environment,” in K. Anderson and R. Blackhurst (eds.),
The Greening of World Trade
    Issues
, Harvester Wheatsheaf, Now York, 25-48.

Review of Course (30 April)

Final Exam (7 May)

Draft Journal Article for Ph.D. Students

    One requirement for the course is for you to write a draft journal article on a narrowly-defined topic
    related to your area of interest. The journal I have in mind is The World Economy, available at the
    Law School library. The Notes to Contributors of this journal states: "The World Economy
    concentrates on trade policy issues both on a country basis, regionally... , and globally.... The World
    Economy does, however, also cover broader isses (exchange rates, IMF/World Bank, debt,
    environmental or other international issues) as the relate to trade. Papers published in The World
    Economy are in the main verbal in presentation, with occasional data tables."

    The web site for The World Economy can be accessed through e-journals. 

    A working title and one-page (minimum) description of the topic are due no later than 5 March.
    Papers are due by 4 May.

    In this and other research/writing projects, it is always helpful to consult W.C. Booth, G.G. Colomb,
    and J.M. Williams, The Craft of Research, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2003.

Plagiarism

    From the School of Public Policy:

    "All work must be your own. Inappropriate use of the work of others without attribution is
    plagiarism and a George Mason University Honor Code violation punishable by expulsion from the
    University. All students should familiarize themselves with this Honor Code provision. To guard
    against plagiarism and to treat students equitably, written work may be checked against existing
    published materials or digital databases available through various plagiarism detectionservices.
    Accordingly, materials submitted to all course must be available in electrionic format."

    Please see my link on plagiarism. All papers will be screened by Turn It In.
    Any student  who plagiarizes a part of the draft journal article will fail the course.

Links

Global Trade Negotiations Home Page

World Trade Online

Intellectual Property Rights and Sustainable Development

International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development

World Bank Trade Group

World Trade Organization