Chapter 1 -- Clinical Psychology Overview

I. Definition of Clinical Psychology
A. A field that integrates science, theory, and practice to describe, explain, predict, and change individual distress and dysfunction, and promote human adaptation.
B. Clinical psychology usually focused on more severe problems in medical settings and emphasized developing skills in psychotherapy.
C. Counseling psychology usually focused on less severe problems and career guidance in educational settings and emphasized supportive relationships in counseling.

II. Clinical Psychologist Skills
A. Assessment (Intellectual, Personality, Behavioral)
B. Consultation (Gain Information from other Professionals)
C. Treatment (Individual, Couple, Family, Group)
D. Prevention (Reduce New Cases and Severity)
E. Administration (Program Development and Implementation)
F. Research (Basic and Applied)
G. Teaching (Universities, Workshops)
H. Supervision (Individual and Group)

III. Training Models
A. Ph.D. Training
1. Scientist-Practitioners (more than 100 programs)- Balance research and practice
2. Clinical-Scientists (50 programs)- More research than practice
3. More time on research, teaching, consultation, and program development
4. Enroll 5 to 10 students per year
B. Psy.D. Training
1. Practitioner-Scholars (more than 70 programs)
2. Most time spent on practice skills of assessment and psychotherapy
3. Enroll 20 to 100 students per year

IV. Ph.D. vs. Psy.D.
A. Smaller classes vs. Larger classes
B. Lower acceptance rate vs. Higher acceptance rate
C. In University Psychology departments vs. Professional Schools
D. More funding for students vs. Minimal funding for students

V. Admission to Graduate School
Ratings of High Importance in Faculty Survey 2008
A. Letters of recommendation (88% PhD, 74% MA)
B. Goals statement (88% PhD, 62% MA)
C. Grades (73% PhD, 79% MA)
D. Research experience (72% PhD, 27% MA)
E. GRE (59% PhD, 48% MA)
F. Interview (57% PhD, 26% MA)
G. Clinical Experience (14% PhD, 15% MA)
H. Extracurriculars (3% PhD, 2% MA)

VI. Work Settings
A. 108,060 Clinical, Counseling of School Psychologist jobs in 2017
B. 14% growth to 2026
C. Median Salary in 2017 is $77,030
D. Educational Institutions (27%)
E. Health Care agencies: hospital, mental health centers (25%)
F. Self-employed (24%)
G. Government agencies and jails (10%)

VII. Mental Health Professionals (all can do psychotherapy)
A. Psychiatrist (M.D., 8 years, medication, 25,000)
B. Clinical or Counseling Psychologist (Ph.D., Psy.D., 5 years, assessment, research, and prevention, over 100,000)
C. Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP, 4 years, medication, no estimate)
D. School Psychologist (M.A., 3 years, student assessment, over 43,000)
E. Psychiatric Social Worker (M.S.W., 2 years, case management, over 600,000)
F. Counselor (M.A., 2 years, daily functioning, over 600,000)
G. Marriage and Family Therapist (M.S., families, 2 years, families, over 30,000)